Unit 4 Terms

Question 0

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 0

Involuntary, conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands. Sympathetic/Parasympathetic

Question 1

Afferent Neuron

Answer 1

Sensory neurons that enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root. Conduct impulses from receptors to CNS.

Question 2

Central Nervous System

Answer 2

Includes brain (including retinas), spinal cord, and the integrative/control centers.

Question 3

Efferent Neuron

Answer 3

Conduct motor impulses outward from the brain or spinal cord, exiting through the ventral root onto effectors.

Question 4

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 4

Receptors that respond to quick movement and deep pressure immediately transmitting signals to cause reflex inhibition of the muscles they supply.

Question 5

Myofibril

Answer 5

Contractile proteins inside a skeletal muscle fiber organized into elongated bundles.

Question 6

Myofilaments

Answer 6

Subunits of myofibrils, mainly consist of the proteins thin actin and thick myosin.

Question 7

Proprioceptors

Answer 7

Sensory receptors found in muscles, joints and tendons sensitive to stretch, tension and pressure that relay information about muscular dynamics, limb position and kinesthesia.

Question 8

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

Extensive interconnecting network of tubular channels and vesicles that enhances the cells structural integrity.

Question 9

Temporal Summation

Answer 9

When many sub threshold excitatory impulses arrive in rapid succession causing a neuron to fire.

Question 10

All-or-none Principle

Answer 10

A single motor unit cannot generate strong weak contractions; either the impulse elicits a contraction or it does not.

Question 11

Action Potential

Answer 11

A brief reversal of membrane charge that moves don the axon, causing an electrical impulse to transmitted.

Question 12

Concentric Contraction

Answer 12

Muscle shortening during force application

Question 13

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Answer 13

Minute tears in muscle tissue, and connective tissue damage (ultimately leading to an inflammatory response)

Question 14

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 14

Muscle lengthening occurs during force application.

Question 15

Fiber Hyperplasia

Answer 15

The increase in the number of muscle fibers in adaptation to resistance training.

Question 16

Fiber Hypertrophy

Answer 16

The increase in muscle fiber size in adaptation to resistance training.

Question 17

Isokinetic Contraction

Answer 17

Muscle action performed at a constant angular limb velocity.

Question 18

Isometric Contraction

Answer 18

Muscle action without noticeable change in muscle length.

Question 19

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 19

Muscle contraction where tension remains unchanged while the muscle’s length changes.

Question 20

Periodization

Answer 20

Divides a distinct period or macrocycle of resistance training into smaller mesocycles; these subdivide into weekly microcycles. Compartmentalization of training minimizes staleness and overtraining effects to maximize peak performance that coincides with competition.

Question 21

Plyometrics

Answer 21

Resistance training involving eccentric to concentric actions performed quickly so a muscle stretches slightly before the concentric action, using the stretch reflex to augment the muscles force generating capacity.