Unit 4 study guide

Question 1

Francis Bacon

Answer 1

Was a English philosopher and statesman who served as the Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England

Question 2

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 2

Was Swedish Botanist who considered the “Father of Taxonomy”

Question 3

Denis Diderot

Answer 3

Philosopher who edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was banned by the French king and pope.

Question 4

Parliament

Answer 4

A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

Question 5

Scientific Revolution

Answer 5

Is the period during the 16th and 17th centuries during which there was drastic change in scientific thought.

Question 6

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 6

A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system.

Question 7

polymath

Answer 7

a person of wide-ranging knowledge or learning

Question 8

Galileo Galilei

Answer 8

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars

Question 9

Johannes Kepler

Answer 9

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)

Question 10

Planetary Motion

Answer 10

Described the orbits of planets around the sun

Question 11

Scientific Method

Answer 11

Method of procedure that includes observation, measurement, experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

Question 12

Isaac Newton

Answer 12

Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe

Question 13

Robert Boyle

Answer 13

Founder of modern chemistry

Question 14

Robert Boyle

Answer 14

Founder of modern chemistry

Question 15

Chemistry

Answer 15

Branch of science that deals with identification of the substance of which matter is composed

Question 16

Robert Hooke

Answer 16

Was a British physicist who discovered elasticity

Question 17

William Harvey

Answer 17

Was a English physician who made influential contributions in anatomy and physiology

Question 18

Antoine Lavoisier

Answer 18

Was a English physician who made influential contributions in anatomy and physiology. Father of modern chemistry

Question 19

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 19

Was Dutch scientist and tradesman who made some incredible discoveries in biology. Invented the microscope

Question 20

Joseph Priestly

Answer 20

Was English chemist, philosopher, theologian, and writer who best known for discovery of oxygen

Question 21

Age of Enlightenment

Answer 21

the time period in the 1700s during which many Europeans began to break away from tradition and rethink political and social norms

Question 22

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 22

believed government should have separation of powers

Question 23

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 23

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy

Question 24

Voltaire

Answer 24

French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance.

Question 25

Declarition of rights of women

Answer 25

1791 stating that women also have natural rights just like man

Question 26

John Locke

Answer 26

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Question 27

Natural Rights

Answer 27

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

Question 28

Elizabeth I

Answer 28

Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.

Question 29

Puritans

Answer 29

People who wanted to purify and reform English Church

Question 30

English Civil War

Answer 30

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I

Question 31

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 31

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

Question 32

Restoration

Answer 32

the action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.

Question 33

Glorious Revolution

Answer 33

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Question 34

Elasticity

Answer 34

Which explained how things expand when they are heated

Question 35

Separation of powers

Answer 35

the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

Question 36

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 36

British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women."

Question 37

Cesare Beccaria

Answer 37

believed that punishment should fit the crime, in speedy and public trials, and that capital punishment should be done away with completely

Question 38

Olympe de Gouges

Answer 38

French journalist who published the declaration of rights of women and the female citizens

Question 39

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 39

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

Question 40

James VI and I

Answer 40

The son of Mary Stuart. She was forced to surrender the throne to him. He became Elizabeth's successor as the king of England.

Question 41

Divine Right

Answer 41

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Question 42

Social Contract Theory

Answer 42

theory was view persona’s moral and political obligations upon contract or agreement among them to form society which they live

Question 43

Petition of Rights of 1628

Answer 43

which attempted to limit the powers of King

Question 44

Commonwealth

Answer 44

A self-governing territory associated with another country

Question 45

William and Mary of Orange

Answer 45

Dutch royalty who were "invited" by the English to take over England during what was called "The Glorious Revolution"

Question 46

English Bill of Rights

Answer 46

document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament