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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Unit - 4 Skeletal Terminology > Flashcards

Unit - 4 Skeletal Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

A fibrous layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone, contains nerve endings and serves as a point of attachment.

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2
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

A connective tissue that lines the cavity (inside) of long bones; plays a role in remodeling and repair.

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3
Q

What are lamellae?

A

Concentric rings (layers) made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix.

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4
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.

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5
Q

What is an osteon?

A

The basic structural (functional) unit of compact bone.

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6
Q

What is the central canal?

A

The center of osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

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7
Q

What is a perforating canal?

A

Canal perpendicular to the central canal in bone. Links blood vessels in the central canal to the periosteum and marrow cavity.

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8
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and/or found just inside the layer of compact bone and the epiphysis of long bones, made of trabeculae.

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9
Q

What are trabeculae?

A

The irregular latticework of thin bony beams in spongy bone tissue.

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10
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Living bone cells - mature bone cell.

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11
Q

What is an osteoblast?

A

Bone-forming cell.

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12
Q

What is an osteoclast?

A

Cell that breaks down bone.

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13
Q

What are lacunae?

A

Small cavities in between the lamellae of compact bone that contain osteocytes.

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14
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal.

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15
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

Found in spongy bone; site of hematopoiesis.

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16
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

Fatty tissue found in the marrow cavity of most adult long bones.

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17
Q

What is the epiphyseal line?

A

In adults; remnant of epiphyseal plate after bone growth stops.

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18
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

The end of a long bone.

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19
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

Shaft of a long bone.

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20
Q

What are chrondrocytes?

A

Cartilage cell (avascular).

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21
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Covers the surfaces of bones where the bones come together to form joints.

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22
Q

What is the marrow cavity?

A

The hollow central cavity that extends the length of the diaphysis. It also contains the bone marrow.

23
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

24
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

25
Q

What is ossification?

A

Process of bone formation from another material.

26
Q

What is osteolysis?

A

Destruction of bone.

27
Q

What are short bones?

A

Bones of equal dimensions - tarsals and carpals.

28
Q

What are long bones?

A

Bones that are longer than wide - humerus.

29
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Bones that don’t fit regular categories - vertebrae.

30
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Bones like the skull (parietal & frontal) and scapula.

31
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

When primary and secondary ossification have not met, and the bone is still growing.

32
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

Process of making blood - function of red bone marrow.

33
Q

What is calcium phosphate?

A

One of the salt compounds that make up most of the matrix of bones.

34
Q

What is osteogenesis?

A

Term that means bone production.

35
Q

Chondr/o

A

A word element that means Cartilidge

36
Q

Remodeling

A

Term for the dynamic nature of bone where the matrix and salt are continually dissolved and replaced.

37
Q

Scurvy

A

disorder where osteoblasts are affected due to low vitamin C levels

38
Q

Rickets

A

Disorder where low vitamin D levels reduce Calcium absorption in intestines. Causes weak or bowed bones.

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Abnormal loss of bone tissue, resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to lack of calcium, occurs more in WOMEN

40
Q

Female Pelvis

A

Pelvis where pubic angle is
> 100 degrees and enlarged pelvic outlet/inlet

41
Q

Male Pelvis

A

Pelvis where pubic angle is
< 100 degrees and the ilia project upwards/more vertical

42
Q

Open Fracture (Compound)

A

Broken bone penetrates through skin.

43
Q

Closed Fracture (Closed)

A

A bone break that does NOT penetrate skin.

44
Q

Fracture

A

to break a bone

45
Q

Oste/o

A

A word element meaning bone.

46
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Typically short bones, formed in muscles and tendons near joint surfaces.

47
Q

Osteoid

A

Collagen fibers and Calcium phosphate, the matrix of the bone.

48
Q

Calcification

A

The replacing of tissue with calcium salts. Can occur in tissue other than bone.

49
Q

Functions: Support

A

The entire body is supported by the entire skeletal system, it provides attachment for soft tissue and organs, gives shape.

50
Q

Functions: Storage

A

Stores: Calcium salts (calcium phosphate) - Ca & P AND Lipids (fat) (stored in yellow marrow for energy)

51
Q

Functions: Blood Cell Production

A

In the red marrow, makes blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune cells), and Platelets (clots) - hematopoiesis

52
Q

Functions: Protects

A

Provides protection to soft tissue and organs by surrounding them. EX: Ribs(heart and lungs), skull(brain)

53
Q

Functions: Movement (Leverage)

A

Bones function as levers. Muscles pull bones, movement occurs.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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