Unit - 4 Skeletal Terminology Flashcards
What is the periosteum?
A fibrous layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone, contains nerve endings and serves as a point of attachment.
What is the endosteum?
A connective tissue that lines the cavity (inside) of long bones; plays a role in remodeling and repair.
What are lamellae?
Concentric rings (layers) made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix.
What is compact bone?
Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.
What is an osteon?
The basic structural (functional) unit of compact bone.
What is the central canal?
The center of osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.
What is a perforating canal?
Canal perpendicular to the central canal in bone. Links blood vessels in the central canal to the periosteum and marrow cavity.
What is spongy bone?
Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and/or found just inside the layer of compact bone and the epiphysis of long bones, made of trabeculae.
What are trabeculae?
The irregular latticework of thin bony beams in spongy bone tissue.
What are osteocytes?
Living bone cells - mature bone cell.
What is an osteoblast?
Bone-forming cell.
What is an osteoclast?
Cell that breaks down bone.
What are lacunae?
Small cavities in between the lamellae of compact bone that contain osteocytes.
What are canaliculi?
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal.
What is red bone marrow?
Found in spongy bone; site of hematopoiesis.
What is yellow bone marrow?
Fatty tissue found in the marrow cavity of most adult long bones.
What is the epiphyseal line?
In adults; remnant of epiphyseal plate after bone growth stops.
What is the epiphysis?
The end of a long bone.
What is the diaphysis?
Shaft of a long bone.
What are chrondrocytes?
Cartilage cell (avascular).
What is articular cartilage?
Covers the surfaces of bones where the bones come together to form joints.
What is the marrow cavity?
The hollow central cavity that extends the length of the diaphysis. It also contains the bone marrow.
What is a ligament?
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
What is a tendon?
Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
What is ossification?
Process of bone formation from another material.
What is osteolysis?
Destruction of bone.
What are short bones?
Bones of equal dimensions - tarsals and carpals.
What are long bones?
Bones that are longer than wide - humerus.
What are irregular bones?
Bones that don’t fit regular categories - vertebrae.
What are flat bones?
Bones like the skull (parietal & frontal) and scapula.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
When primary and secondary ossification have not met, and the bone is still growing.
What is hematopoiesis?
Process of making blood - function of red bone marrow.
What is calcium phosphate?
One of the salt compounds that make up most of the matrix of bones.
What is osteogenesis?
Term that means bone production.
Chondr/o
A word element that means Cartilidge
Remodeling
Term for the dynamic nature of bone where the matrix and salt are continually dissolved and replaced.
Scurvy
disorder where osteoblasts are affected due to low vitamin C levels
Rickets
Disorder where low vitamin D levels reduce Calcium absorption in intestines. Causes weak or bowed bones.
Osteoporosis
Abnormal loss of bone tissue, resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to lack of calcium, occurs more in WOMEN
Female Pelvis
Pelvis where pubic angle is
> 100 degrees and enlarged pelvic outlet/inlet
Male Pelvis
Pelvis where pubic angle is
< 100 degrees and the ilia project upwards/more vertical
Open Fracture (Compound)
Broken bone penetrates through skin.
Closed Fracture (Closed)
A bone break that does NOT penetrate skin.
Fracture
to break a bone
Oste/o
A word element meaning bone.
Sesamoid Bones
Typically short bones, formed in muscles and tendons near joint surfaces.
Osteoid
Collagen fibers and Calcium phosphate, the matrix of the bone.
Calcification
The replacing of tissue with calcium salts. Can occur in tissue other than bone.
Functions: Support
The entire body is supported by the entire skeletal system, it provides attachment for soft tissue and organs, gives shape.
Functions: Storage
Stores: Calcium salts (calcium phosphate) - Ca & P AND Lipids (fat) (stored in yellow marrow for energy)
Functions: Blood Cell Production
In the red marrow, makes blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune cells), and Platelets (clots) - hematopoiesis
Functions: Protects
Provides protection to soft tissue and organs by surrounding them. EX: Ribs(heart and lungs), skull(brain)
Functions: Movement (Leverage)
Bones function as levers. Muscles pull bones, movement occurs.
