Unit 4 Review Flashcards
Review for quiz 2
Which phylum of bacteria has the largest metabolic diversity and the highest significance in medicine/ agriculture/ industry?
proteobacteria
Describe the metabolic diversity in proteobacteria
I. Aerobic: need oxygen
II. Anaerobic: don’t need oxygen
III. Microaerophilic: need O2, but in lower levels than what’s present in the atmosphere
A. Chemolithotrophs: oxidation of inorganic compounds for energy
B. Chemoorganotrophs: obtains energy from the oxidation of reduced organic compounds
C. Phototrophs: use light as energy
Based on 16S r RNA, Proteobacteria can be divided into 6 classes:
- Alphaproteobacteria
- Betaproteobacteria
- Gammaproteobacteria
- Deltaproteobacteria
- Epsilonproteobacteria
- Zetaproteobacteria
Give 4 examples of alphaproteobacteria
- Phodopseudomonas
- Nitrobacter
These are both rhizobia (plant symbionts) - Rickettsia: obligate intracellular parasite
- Wolbachia: metabolically specialized to use glutamate or glutamine as energy source
Rickettsia rickettsii and Wolbachia pipientis are in which group of proteobacteria? Give some info about each
alphaproteobacteria
Rickettsia rickettsii= commonly called Rocky Mountain spotted fever (intracellular parasite)
Wolbachia pipientis= colonizes insect egg. Metabolically specialized to use glutamate or glutamine as energy source
Neisseriales are __proteobacteria
beta
Neisseriales meningitidis is a ____proteobacteria that causes:
beta
potentially fatal inflammation of the membranes lining the brain
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a __proteobacteria, and is the causative agent of ____
beta
gonorrhea
Methylophilales are __proteobacteria.
beta
Nitrosomonadales are __proteobacteria
beta
__proteobacteria are the largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria
gamma
gammaproteobacteria are well-known ____ and are commonly referred to as “___ bacteria”
pathogens
enteric
T/F
All gammaproteobacteria do fermenation (no oxygen involved): substrate level phosphitylation (SLP)
true
Escherichia coli is a __proteobacteria that has a nutritional role in the intestinal tract (Vitamin K).
- helps oxygen consumption in __ (makes it anoxic)
- has ____ strains that can cause urinary tract infections etc
gamma
gut
pathogenic
Enterobacter aerogenes is a __proteobacteria.
- found in water and _____
- In intestinal tract
- Causes _____ infections
gamma
sewage
urinary
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a ___proteobacteria.
- Found in soils and ____ (occasionally in humans)
- Fixes ___, which is unique in enteric bacteria
gamma
water
N2
Salmonella is a ___proteobacteria
- Is it always pathogenic?
- Causes ____ fever and gastroenteritis
gamma
Yes!
typhoid
Proteus is a ___proteobacteria.
- Has highly __ cells
- Produces the enzyme “_______”
- causes ___ infections
gamma
motile
urease
urinary tract
Shigella dysenteriae is a ___proteobacteria.
- It contains ____
- Invades ____ cells
- Excretes a ___toxin
- Causes acute GIT distress
gamma
endotoxin
epithelial
neuro