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BIOL 322: Diversity and Evolution of Microbial Life > Unit 4 Review > Flashcards

Unit 4 Review Flashcards

Review for quiz 2

1
Q

Which phylum of bacteria has the largest metabolic diversity and the highest significance in medicine/ agriculture/ industry?

A

proteobacteria

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2
Q

Describe the metabolic diversity in proteobacteria

A

I. Aerobic: need oxygen
II. Anaerobic: don’t need oxygen
III. Microaerophilic: need O2, but in lower levels than what’s present in the atmosphere

A. Chemolithotrophs: oxidation of inorganic compounds for energy
B. Chemoorganotrophs: obtains energy from the oxidation of reduced organic compounds
C. Phototrophs: use light as energy

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3
Q

Based on 16S r RNA, Proteobacteria can be divided into 6 classes:

A
  1. Alphaproteobacteria
  2. Betaproteobacteria
  3. Gammaproteobacteria
  4. Deltaproteobacteria
  5. Epsilonproteobacteria
  6. Zetaproteobacteria
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4
Q

Give 4 examples of alphaproteobacteria

A
  1. Phodopseudomonas
  2. Nitrobacter
    These are both rhizobia (plant symbionts)
  3. Rickettsia: obligate intracellular parasite
  4. Wolbachia: metabolically specialized to use glutamate or glutamine as energy source
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5
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii and Wolbachia pipientis are in which group of proteobacteria? Give some info about each

A

alphaproteobacteria

Rickettsia rickettsii= commonly called Rocky Mountain spotted fever (intracellular parasite)

Wolbachia pipientis= colonizes insect egg. Metabolically specialized to use glutamate or glutamine as energy source

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6
Q

Neisseriales are __proteobacteria

A

beta

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7
Q

Neisseriales meningitidis is a ____proteobacteria that causes:

A

beta
potentially fatal inflammation of the membranes lining the brain

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8
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a __proteobacteria, and is the causative agent of ____

A

beta
gonorrhea

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9
Q

Methylophilales are __proteobacteria.

A

beta

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10
Q

Nitrosomonadales are __proteobacteria

A

beta

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11
Q

__proteobacteria are the largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria

A

gamma

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12
Q

gammaproteobacteria are well-known ____ and are commonly referred to as “___ bacteria”

A

pathogens
enteric

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13
Q

T/F
All gammaproteobacteria do fermenation (no oxygen involved): substrate level phosphitylation (SLP)

A

true

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14
Q

Escherichia coli is a __proteobacteria that has a nutritional role in the intestinal tract (Vitamin K).
- helps oxygen consumption in __ (makes it anoxic)
- has ____ strains that can cause urinary tract infections etc

A

gamma
gut
pathogenic

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15
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes is a __proteobacteria.
- found in water and _____
- In intestinal tract
- Causes _____ infections

A

gamma
sewage
urinary

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16
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a ___proteobacteria.
- Found in soils and ____ (occasionally in humans)
- Fixes ___, which is unique in enteric bacteria

A

gamma
water
N2

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17
Q

Salmonella is a ___proteobacteria
- Is it always pathogenic?
- Causes ____ fever and gastroenteritis

A

gamma

Yes!
typhoid

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18
Q

Proteus is a ___proteobacteria.
- Has highly __ cells
- Produces the enzyme “_______”
- causes ___ infections

A

gamma
motile
urease
urinary tract

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19
Q

Shigella dysenteriae is a ___proteobacteria.
- It contains ____
- Invades ____ cells
- Excretes a ___toxin
- Causes acute GIT distress

A

gamma
endotoxin
epithelial
neuro

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20
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ___proteobacteria
- It’s often found in people who:
- Is it known to be resistant to antibiotics?

A

gamma
very common in people receiving treatment after burns/ skin issues. Also found in people with cystic fibrosis

  • Yes, very resistant to antibiotics. B/c of R plasmid
21
Q

Vibrio cholerae is the cause of the disease _____ in humans

A

cholera

22
Q

Deltaproteobacteria consist of 4 main groups:

A
  • sulfate reducers
  • sulfur reducers
  • iron reducers
  • predator bacteria
23
Q

List 4 famous deltaproteobacteria

A

bdellovibrio
myxococcus
desulfovibrio
geobacter

24
Q

Give 2 famous genera of epsilonproteobacteria

A
  • helicobacter
  • campylobacter
25
Q

T/F
Epsilonproteobacteria can be gram negative, motile, pathogenic, or gram positive

A

false
All true except gram positive

26
Q

Campylobacter species are __proteobacteria, and they cause:

A

epsilon
acute gastroenteritis (bloody diarrhea)

27
Q

Helicobacter pylori is a ___proteobacteria, and lives in the ___

A

epsilon
gut

28
Q

Helicobacter pyloriis a ___proteobacterial pathogen, which causes:
- How does it survive in the acidic gut?

A

epsilon
both chronic and acute gastritis, leading to the formation of peptic ulcers

Low pH triggers urease enzyme expression. Urease degrades urea to ammonia and CO2 –> ammonia consumes H+ in the bacteria cytoplasm, protecting it from acidification

29
Q

Mariprofundus
ferrooxydans is a ___proteobacteria.
- It’s a(n) ____-oxidizer
- Is it Microaerophilic or anoxic?
- Give the energy source

A

zeta
iron
Microaerophilic
Fe2+ energy source, O2 acceptor

30
Q

What does FAT Bacteria stand for?

A

Firmicutes actinobacteria tenericutes (FAT)

31
Q

Firmicutes are ____ _____ Bacteria

A

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)

32
Q

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)=

A

gram positive microorganisms known as the main safe industiral-scale producers of lactic acid (LA)

33
Q

Give 2 famous genera of LAB (lactic acid bacteria)

A

Lactobacillus
Streptococcus

34
Q

Lactobacillus delbruecki is what kind of bacteria?
- It’s used in the preparation of _____

A

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ie a firmicute

yogurt

35
Q

Streptococcus thermophilus is what kind of bacteria?
- It’s used in the preparation of _____

A

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ie a firmicute

cheese (responsible for acidification)

36
Q

T/F
Streptococcus thermophilus (yogurt) symbiotically grows with
Lactobacillus delbrueckii (cheese)

A

true!

37
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is a LAB that causes ___ ___

A

strep throat

38
Q

Streptococcus viridans is a LAB that causes ___ _____

A

dental caries

39
Q

Streptococcus can have
I. Incomplete B-hemolysis
or
II. Complete B-hemolysis

Which group (pyogenes, viridans) belongs to which? Explain what the colonies of each would look like

A

I. Incomplete B-hemolysis
- pyogenes
- round-shaped colonies with a smooth surface

II. Complete B-hemolysis
- viridans group
- greening agar under colonies

40
Q

Firmicutes can be __-____ bacteria or ____ bacteria

A

non-sporulating
sporulating

41
Q

Give 2 famous genera of firmicutes that are non-sporulating bacteria

A
  • listeria
  • staphylococcus
42
Q

Listeria monocytogenes=

  • used as a vector for ____ immunotherapy
A

a non-sporulating bacteria (firmicute)

cancer

43
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis
is a ______.

  • Is it pathogenic?
  • Where is it found?
A

Firmicute

non-pathogenic organism
- found on the skin or mucus membranes

44
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a firmicute that’s associated with:

A

pathological conditions like pneumonia, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and arthritis

45
Q

2 famous endospore-producing genera of firmicutes are

A
  • Bacillus
  • clostridium
46
Q

endospores tend to live in the ____

A

soil

47
Q

Bacillus is a sporulating _____

A

firmicute

48
Q

Bacillus thuringiensis is a fatal disease in ____
This is a _____ firmicute

A

insects
sporulating

49
Q
A

BIOL 322: Diversity and Evolution of Microbial Life (12 decks)

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