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AP Environmental Science > Unit 4 Relationships in Ecosystems > Flashcards

Unit 4 Relationships in Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Cycles of matter and flow of energy

A

Functional Diversity

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2
Q

Variety and abundance of species

A

Species Diversity

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3
Q

Variety of genes

A

Genetic Diversity

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4
Q

Terrestrial and aquatic environments

A

Ecological diversity

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5
Q

A group of communities interacting with other organisms and their abiotic environment

A

Ecosystems

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6
Q

Levels of ecosystems (largest to smallest)

A

Communities, population, species, organisms

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7
Q

Where an organisms lives

A

Habitats

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8
Q

The role of the organisms

A

Niches

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9
Q

Full, potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can use if there is no competition from other species

A

Fundamental Niche

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10
Q

Part of the fundamental that is actually used

A

Realized Niche

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11
Q

An organism that can reproduce

A

Species

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12
Q

Around how many species are there?

A

4 mill to 100 mill

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13
Q

Role species play in Ecosystem

A

Ecological Niche

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14
Q

Who has broad niches?

A

Generalists

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15
Q

Who occupies narrow niches?

A

Specialists

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16
Q

_____ has a large effect on ecological community

A

Keystone Species

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17
Q

_____ shape habitats to benefit other species

A

Foundations Species

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18
Q

_____ provide early warnings of damage to ecosystem

A

Indicator Species

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19
Q

Can also be called aliens, exotic, invaders

A

Non-Native

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20
Q

Amount of the same species in a given area

A

Population

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21
Q

What four things can happen if a population’s needs are not met?

A

Death, competition, migration, adaptation/evolution

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22
Q

2 different species living closely together

A

Symbiosis

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23
Q

Organism actively hunts another organism

A

Predation

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24
Q

in predation, the one who hunts

A

Predator

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25
Q

In predation, organism upon which predator feeds on

26
Q

Woodpecker and Impala, Pollination are examples of _____

27
Q

One benefits and the other is indifferent

A

Commensalism

28
Q

Epiphytes/Air Plants is an example of _____

A

Commensalism

29
Q

One benefits and the other is harmed

A

Parasitism

30
Q

One is harmed and the other is indifferent

A

Amensalism

31
Q

Neither benefits nor is harmed (rare)

A

Neutralism

32
Q

When organisms seek limited resources, prey, water, light, materials, habitat, etc

A

Competition

33
Q

_____ competition occurs within same species

A

Intraspecific

34
Q

_____ competition occurs within different species

A

Interspecific

35
Q

What do you call a genetic change within a POPULATION over time?

36
Q

What MUST occur in evolution?

A

Reproduction

37
Q

Processes that prevent members of the same species to cross, mate, and/or produce offspring

A

Reproductive Isolation

38
Q

Reproductive isolation leads to ____ of genetic diversity which leads to ____ of species diversity.

A

loss, loss

39
Q

Reproductive isolation results from what four barriers?

A

Behavioral, Geographical, Genetic, Physiological

40
Q

When organisms in a population are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species

A

Geographical Isolation

41
Q

Evolution of new biological species

A

Speciation

42
Q

Peripatric and allopatric speciation result from _____

A

Geographical Isolation

43
Q

Parapatric and sympatric speciation result from _____

A

Something other than geographical isolation

44
Q

_____ shift: both extreme traits survive

A

Disruptive

45
Q

_____ shift: average trait survives

A

Stabilizing

46
Q

_____ shift: one extreme trait survives (right or left)

A

Directional

47
Q

Two species evolve after long term interaction with eachother

A

Coevolution

48
Q

Mutualism and predation are associated with _____

A

Coevolution

49
Q

Two distinct species with differing ancestries evolve to display similar physical features

A

Convergent Evolution

50
Q

Two related species evolve from one common ancestor

A

Divergent Evolution

51
Q

_____ occurs when two species evolve independently of each other maintaining similarities

A

Parallel Evolution

52
Q

Selective breeding of organisms for specific characteristics

A

Artificial Selection

53
Q

Organisms ability to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill

A

Resistance

54
Q

Gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community

A

Ecological Succession

55
Q

Succession that occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before

A

Primary Succession

56
Q

In primary succession there is initially a lifeless habitat and no ____

57
Q

In primary succession ____ and ____ ____ break down rock to form soil

A

Weathering, primary species

58
Q

Lichens and mosses are an example of ____ ____

A

Primary species

59
Q

Occurs on a surface where ecosystem previously existed

A

Secondary Succession

60
Q

When an organism with favorable traits wins and therefore lives and reproduces, evolution by ____ ____ occurs.

A

Natural selection

AP Environmental Science (1 decks)

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