Unit 4 Quiz Flashcards
What prompted the Edict or Nantes
Protestant Maximilien de Béthune, duke of Sully, was Henry the IV’s (Louis XIV’s grandpa) chief minister. Together they laid the foundation for state power by taxing salt, sales, and transit, and restored public order in France. To heal religious divisions and maintain the order in France Henry IV issued the edict of Nantes
What was the edict of Nantes
A compromise between Catholics and Huguenots which allowed Protestants to worship in 150 traditionally protestant towns throughout France. He also gave them money to maintain their military camps.
Gave limited toleration
What did the edict of Nantes lead to?
Henry the fourth was murdered in 1610 by Francois Ravaillac, a Catholic zealot, setting off national crisis.
Henry’s widow, Marie de’ Medici ruled until Louis Xiii got older—the first king of the Bourbon Dynasty
Which edict ended the edict of Nantes
Edict of fountainbleu issued by Louis XIV
Mercantilism
- State control over a country’s economy in order to achieve a favorable balance of trade with other countries and secure a trade with favorable resources.
- Based on a flawed zero sum theory—if one nation benefits the others have to lose
- Precious metals
- France should be self sufficient- leading industrial company
Mercantilism reached its height under who and what was his goal
Louis the 14th’s finance minister John Baptiste Colbert
Economic self-sufficiency for France: construction of roads and canals, government supported monopolies, did not want guilds, wanted guilds to have lower prices, reduced local tolls, set up terrifs on outside goods
What were the weaknesses of mercantilism in the French economy
Large poor peasant population, emigration out of France because the edict of Fountainbleu revoked religious freedom, created a massive army
Because of mercantilism friends was Europe’s leading industrial country ironically…
Friends never created a national Bank and could not borrow against itself. It’s spent 60% of its revenues on the palace
Under mercantilism what did they do to other parts of the world for materials
Colonize them
What caused the English glorious revolution
•Louis the 14th invaded the Spanish Netherlands which cause the legal Augsburg to form
Charles II made a treaty with Louis XIV to slowly reintroduce Catholicism into England to support French policy. Hostility and fear towards Catholic resulted from the revoked edict of Nantes and the fact that James II would succeed Charles and was catholic. James violated the test act and granted religious freedom to all.
TWO EVENTS
1. Seven bishops who petitioned king James to not read the doctrine of indulgences were imprisioned
2. James had a male heir, thus ensuring the catholic throne, so the people offered the throne to James’ daughter Mary and her husband William of orange.
James fled to Louis XIV
Louis appointed who for the French intendant system?
Middle class (nobility of the robe) 3rd estate
Outcome of the war of Spanish succession
Peace of Utrecht
•Ensured that French and Spanish crowns would never be united
•Maintain a balance of power between France and Spain- completed the decline of Spain
•Mark the end of French expansion
•Britain was vastly expanded – gained slave trade and regions like gilbraltar
•France becomes a bourbon dynasty
•Belgium given to Austria
Patronage system
Louis the 14th required no ability to live at the palace of Versailles each year. He was able to control the nobility by having them come to attend events and gained insight. He was fearful of intrigue. Louis gained cooperation from social elites.
France versus Sweden
In the 17th century France was the strongest in the west
In 1648 after the 30 years war Sweden was the strongest in eastern and northern Europe
Cardinal Richelieu’s policies
- All areas in society should be controlled by the king/ monarchy
- One people united by one faith-saw otherwise as political disobedience
- political rather than religion
- Politique/ political Pragmatism
- His goal was to subordinate competing groups and institutions to the French monarchy such as the nobility – he wanted to end their power. This is why he created the intended system with Louis XIII
Oliver Cromwell’s role as Lord protector
- Led the new model Army, military leader
- Military dictatorship
- Proclaimed Quasi-martial law
- divided England into 12 military districts each governed by a general
- Each state or district censored the press, forbade sports, and kept the theaters closed in England
- Religion: the Instrument of government gave all Christians except Roman Catholics the right to practice faith
- Left hatred for Irish Catholicism
- Navigation act of 1651 required the English goods be transported on English ships
Jean bodin, thomas Hobbes, bishop Jacques Bossuet
- Jean bodin: only absolutism could make order and force people to obey the government. It could also prevent division in society due to more than one ruler.
- Thomas Hobbes: The king rules because the state of man is evil and needs to be kept in check. pessimistic view of human nature. “Man is solitary, poor, nasty, and brutish”. “Without a central ruler, anarchy would result”. There needs to be one massive rule.
- Bishop Jacques Bossuet: principal advocate of the divine right of kings. Contrasted with Thomas Hobbes in that he believed God anointed kings, not because of evil nature.
