Unit 4: Prevention & Rehabilitation

Question 1

List the benefits of physical activity (20)

Answer 1

• Lower risk of all-cause mortality
• Lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality
• Lower risk of cardiovascular disease
(including heart disease & stroke)
• Lower risk of hypertension
• Lower risk of type 2 diabetes
• Lower risk of adverse blood lipid profile
• Lower risk of cancers of the
bladder,* breast, colon,
endometrium,* esophagus,*
kidney,* lung,* and stomach
• Improved cognition
 • Reduced risk of dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease)*
• Improved quality of life
• Reduced anxiety
• Reduced risk of depression
• Improved sleep
• Slowed or reduced weight gain
• Weight loss, particularly when combined
with reduced calorie intake
• Prevention of weight regain following initial weight loss
• Improved bone health
• Improved physical function
• Lower risk of falls (older adults)
• Lower risk of fall-related injuries (older
adults)

Question 2

What are the cardioprotective effects of regular physical activity?

Answer 2

Anti-ischaemic
Anti-arrhythmic
Anti-atherosclerotic
Anti-thrombotic
Psychological benefits (reduced stress, depression & increased social support)

Question 3

Describe the anti-atherosclerotic benefits of physical activity?

Answer 3

Improved lipids
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased adiposity
Increased insulin sensitivity

Question 4

Describe the psychological benefits of physical activity

Answer 4

Decreased depression, stress and increased social support

Question 5

Describe the anti-thrombotic benefits of physical activity

Answer 5

Decreased platelet adhesiveness
Increased fibrinolysis
Decreased fibrinogen (clotting protein)
Decreased blood viscosity

Question 6

Describe the anti-ischaemic benefits of physical activity

Answer 6

Decreased myocardial O2 demand
Increased coronary blood flow
Decreased endothelial dysfunction
Increased nitric oxide

Question 7

Describe the anti-arrhythmic benefits of physical activity

Answer 7

Increased vagal tone

Decreased adrenergic activity

Question 8

Outline the FITT principles for cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 8

Frequency - 3+ times per week
may be 1 class and 2 at home classes

Intensity - HRR/VO2 max (40-70% HRR max and RPE 2-4

Question 9

What is motivational interviewing (MI)?

Answer 9

Talking with people to guide and motivate them to change
The patient not the healthcare provider takes the responsibility - the emphasis is on helping patients to help themselves
It focuses on avoiding ambivalence which leads to procrastination. MI helps to overcome this ambivalence.

Question 10

What is the Spirit of MI?

Answer 10

1. Partnership - counsellor and patient working collaboratively together
2. Acceptance - respecting the clients/patients autonomy, potential, their strengths and their perspective
3. Compassion - keeping the clients best interest in mind
4. Evocation - the best ideas for change come from the client which increase the likelihood that the client will action on these changes

Question 11

What are the OARS skills?

Answer 11

Open Questions - avoiding yes or no questions

Affirmations - statements about anything positive about the client such as awards, prior successes, accomplishments and stating them to the client

Reflections - reflective listening i.e. reflecting what the client say. It conveys understanding and empathy

Summaries - summarising what the client has just said. Provides the counsellor with an opportunity to guide the client towards behaviour change by selectively summarising the clients own reasons for change

Question 12

What are the 4 processes of MI?

Answer 12

1. Engaging - engaging the client - making the client feel welcome and understood
2. Focusing - agreeing on an agenda to consider the clients, therapists and agencies goals and priorities
3. Evoking - eliciting a desire to change within the client - Why do you want to make change, what are the benefits of change?
4. Planning - developing a change plan that the client and therapist agrees upon - developing a SMART goal