Unit 4 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Chloroplast

Answer 1

organelle in plants that absorbs light energy to make glucose

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

organelle in plants and animals that breaks glucose apart to make lots of ATP

Question 3

Matrix

Answer 3

space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria where Krebs Cycle takes place

Question 4

Inner membrane

Answer 4

convoluted (folded) membrane inside mitochondria where Electron Transport Chain takes place

Question 5

Cristae

Answer 5

Folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 6

Intermembrane space

Answer 6

Space between the outer and inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 7

Stroma

Answer 7

fluid-filled space on the interior of a chloroplast where Phase 2 Dark Reactions occur

Question 8

Thylakoid

Answer 8

Disc-shaped structure inside a chloroplast where chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy in Phase 1 Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

Stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast (plural = grana)

Question 10

Lamellae

Answer 10

Bridges connecting grana inside of a chloroplast

Question 11

Anabolic

Answer 11

Metabolic reaction that absorbs energy to create a bigger product from smaller reactants (ex: photosynthesis)

Question 12

Catabolic

Answer 12

Metabolic reaction that releases energy to break apart a large reactant into smaller product pieces (ex: cellular respiration)

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

energy molecule composed of base, sugar, and 3 phosphate molecules that stores a lot of energy in the bond between the last two phosphates

Question 14

ADP

Answer 14

when ATP has its last phosphate group removed, ATP becomes ADP, which only has two phosphates and will be recycled to later become ATP again

Question 15

Glycolysis

Answer 15

Phase 1 of cell respiration in cell’s cytoplasm where glucose is broken down into 2 ATP and pyruvate

Question 16

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Answer 16

Phase 2 of cell respiration in the matrix where pyruvate is broken down into 2 ATP, CO2, NADS, and FADH2

Question 17

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 17

Phase 3 of cell respiration where electrons and H+ (from NADH & FADH2) are shuffled across the inner membrane of mitochondria to generate more than 30 ATP

Question 18

Autotroph

Answer 18

Producers that make their own food (like plants)

Question 19

Heterotroph

Answer 19

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume other organisms to get food (like humans)

Question 20

Light energy

Answer 20

A form of energy supplied by the sun that is harnessed during photosynthesis

Question 21

Chemical energy

Answer 21

A form of energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms of molecules

Question 22

Reactants

Answer 22

Molecules that a reaction starts with (on left side of reaction arrow)

Question 23

Products

Answer 23

Molecules that a reaction produces (on right side of reaction arrow)