Unit 4 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Chloroplast
organelle in plants that absorbs light energy to make glucose
Mitochondria
organelle in plants and animals that breaks glucose apart to make lots of ATP
Matrix
space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria where Krebs Cycle takes place
Inner membrane
convoluted (folded) membrane inside mitochondria where Electron Transport Chain takes place
Cristae
Folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria
Intermembrane space
Space between the outer and inner membrane of mitochondria
Stroma
fluid-filled space on the interior of a chloroplast where Phase 2 Dark Reactions occur
Thylakoid
Disc-shaped structure inside a chloroplast where chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy in Phase 1 Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
Granum
Stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast (plural = grana)
Lamellae
Bridges connecting grana inside of a chloroplast
Anabolic
Metabolic reaction that absorbs energy to create a bigger product from smaller reactants (ex: photosynthesis)
Catabolic
Metabolic reaction that releases energy to break apart a large reactant into smaller product pieces (ex: cellular respiration)
ATP
energy molecule composed of base, sugar, and 3 phosphate molecules that stores a lot of energy in the bond between the last two phosphates
ADP
when ATP has its last phosphate group removed, ATP becomes ADP, which only has two phosphates and will be recycled to later become ATP again
Glycolysis
Phase 1 of cell respiration in cell’s cytoplasm where glucose is broken down into 2 ATP and pyruvate
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Phase 2 of cell respiration in the matrix where pyruvate is broken down into 2 ATP, CO2, NADS, and FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
Phase 3 of cell respiration where electrons and H+ (from NADH & FADH2) are shuffled across the inner membrane of mitochondria to generate more than 30 ATP
Autotroph
Producers that make their own food (like plants)
Heterotroph
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume other organisms to get food (like humans)
Light energy
A form of energy supplied by the sun that is harnessed during photosynthesis
Chemical energy
A form of energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms of molecules
Reactants
Molecules that a reaction starts with (on left side of reaction arrow)
Products
Molecules that a reaction produces (on right side of reaction arrow)
