Unit 4 (Phillips) Flashcards
Chapter 13
Hormones and sex
What is the endocrine system?
brain to gonads
endocrine system
The communication system that uses hormones to send messages through the blood stream to the targeted tissues
hormones-chemical messanger
Hormones and sex
What is the purpose of the endocrine cells?
endocrine system
Release hormones into the body
releases hormone molecules in blood to the hormone receptor of tissue
Hormones and sex
What is the difference between hormones and neurotransmitters?
endocrine system
Location of action
Speed of effect
Duration of effect
Neurotransmitters- synapse,
Hormones- bloodstream, slower, longer effect
Hormones and sex
What are amino acid derivatives?
Families of hormones
Hormones that are a modified version of a single amino acid
Examples; epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, melatonin
Hormones and sex
What are Peptides?
Protein hormones
Families of hormones
Hormones made up of a short string of amino acids
There are MANY examples; growth hormone, oxytocin…..
Hormones and sex
What are steroids?
Primary in sexual differentiation and behavior
Families of Hormones
Hormones made up of 4 rings of carbon atoms
estrogens, progestins, androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
disolves in lipids- pass cell membrane
Hormones and sex
Which hormones bind to metabotropic receptors and target cell surface?
hormone actions in the body
Peptide and Amino acid derivatives
Don’t themselves have ion channels
Hormones and sex
Which hormones pass through the cell membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell?
Hormone actions in the body
Steroids
Major endocrine glands and tgeir hormones
What does the pineal gland do?
The Pineal gland
Regulates body rythms
Major endocrine glands and their hormones
What hormone does the pineal gland release?
Pineal gland
Melatonin
increases before bed and causes the feeling of heavy eyes abd drowsienes
Major endocrine glands and their hormones
What is the purpose of the Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
Controls hormone secretion in several organs and glands
Releases various releasing hormones (growth hormone, releasing hormones/stimulating hormones, gonadotropin releasing hormone, or inhibiting hormones)
occasionally considered a part of limbic system
located below the Thalam
Major endocrine glands and their hormones
What does the pituitary gland do?
Pituitary gland- posterior
Maintains water and salt balance in the body
Pair bonding with others
direct channel to hypothalamus
back portion
Major endocrine glands and their hormones
What hormones does the pituitary gland release?
Pituitary gland- posterior
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Major endocrine glands and their hormones
What does the pituitary do?
Pituitary gland- anterior
Controls hormone secretion for several glands and organs
uses portal veins
