Unit 4 Pharmacology: Inhaled Anesthetics Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

you can categorize inhaled anesthetics into 3 groups

Answer 1

ethers, alkalines, and gases

Question 2

name the inhaled anesthetics in the ether group (all have a C-O-C ether bridge)

Answer 2

desflurane
isoflurane
sevoflurane
enflurane
methoxyflurane
ether

Question 3

name the inhaled anesthetics in the alkanes group

Answer 3

halothane
chloroform

Question 4

name the inhaled anesthetics in the gases group

Answer 4

nitrous oxide
cyclopropane
xenon

Question 5

type and number of halogens in isoflurane

Answer 5

5 fluorine atoms and one chlorine atoms

Question 6

at atmospheric temperature, which exists as liquids and which exists as gases?

Answer 6

ethers and alkanes exist as liquids while gases exist in gaseous form

Question 7

type and number of halogens in desflurane

Answer 7

6 fluorine atoms

Question 8

type and number of halogens in sevoflurane

Answer 8

7 fluorine atoms (sevo=7)

Question 9

which 2 gases used frequently have chiral carbons

Answer 9

desflurane and isoflurane

Question 10

what is the difference between desflurane and isoflurane chemical makeup

Answer 10

chlorine atom in isoflurane is replaced by the fluorine atom, making desflurane fully fluorinated

Question 11

full fluorination of desflurane has the following effects

Answer 11

decreased potency (decreased oil:gas solubility, increasing MAC
increased vapor pressure due to decreased intermolecular attraction
increased resistance to biotransformation (decreasing metabolism)

Question 12

how does the addition of a chlorine atom affect isofluranes PK/PD profile?

Answer 12

increase in potency and increase in blood:gas solubility

Question 13

vapor pressure is directly proportional to

Answer 13

temperature

Question 14

vapor pressure is less than

Answer 14

atmospheric pressure

Question 15

boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals

Answer 15

atmospheric pressure

Question 16

if you increase atmospheric pressure, what happens to boiling point

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

definition of partial pressure

Answer 17

fractional amount of pressure that a single gas exerts within a gas mixture.

Question 18

definition of daltons law of partial pressure

Answer 18

total gas pressure in a container is equal to the sum of partial pressure exerted by each gas

Question 19

depth of anesthesia is determined by

Answer 19

partial pressure of anesthetic agent in the brain

Question 20

what does the tec 6 desflurane vaporizer not automatically account for

Answer 20

elevation

Question 21

explain when compound A can happen

Answer 21

when FGF is too low and sevoflurane + hydrated soda lime

Question 22

what can desflurane and isoflurane produce in desiccated (dehydrated) soda lime

Answer 22

carbon monoxide (des>iso)

Question 23

Sevo vapor pressure, boiling point

Answer 23

VP 157mmHg
BP 59c

Question 24

Des vapor pressure, boiling point

Answer 24

VP 669mmHg
BP 22c

Question 25

Iso vapor pressure, boiling point

Answer 25

VP 238mmHg
BP 49c

Question 26

N2O vapor pressure, boiling point

Answer 26

VP 38,770mmHg
BP -88c

Question 27

molecular weight of sevo

Answer 27

200g

Question 28

molecular weight of des

Answer 28

168g

Question 29

molecular weight of iso

Answer 29

184g

Question 30

molecular weight of N2O

Answer 30

44g

Question 31

definition of vapor pressure

Answer 31

pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase inside of a closed container