Unit 4 — Pharm Of LA

Question 1

All LA are: VD or VC

Answer 1

VD

Question 2

Esters are metabolized by:

Answer 2

Pseudocholinesterase which is a plasma enzyme

Question 3

Amides are metabolized in:

Answer 3

The liver

Question 4

Local anesthetics are distributed to all tissues of the body: T or F

Answer 4

True: brain, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, etc.

Question 5

Effects of vasodilation in the body

Question 6

What are the rates of peak blood level with different rates of administration?

Question 7

Factors that influence of blood levels of LA

Answer 7

Rate of absorption into CV system, rate of distribution from blood to tissues, elimination of drug

Question 8

T or F: Healthy people have lower blood levels than medically compromised

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is a half-life?

Question 10

Amides have a longer half-life; esters have a shorter half-life

Answer 10

Both are true

Question 11

What three things do LA cross?

Answer 11

BBB, placenta and the fetus’ circulation

Question 12

Metabolism is important because toxicity is dependent on:

Answer 12

Rate of absorption into the bloodstream, and the rate of removal from blood into the tissues

Question 13

What is the name of the system in the liver that is responsible for the metabolism of amides?

Answer 13

Hepatica p450 isoenzyme system

Question 14

Allergic reactions to ester drugs are not usually related to the parent compound, but to:

Answer 14

PABA (para-amino benzoic acid)

Question 15

What is PABA?

Answer 15

Byproduct of the hydrolysis of esters/major metabolic product of esters

Question 16

How many people have atypical cholinesterase?

Answer 16

1 out 2800

Question 17

What does it mean to have atypical pseudocholinesterase?

Answer 17

Decrease rate of metabolism of esters or other related drugs such as succinylcholine

Question 18

What are the preconvulsive signs?

Answer 18

Slurred speech, muscle twitching, shivering, facial and distal extremity muscle tremor are the major ones, but there is also numbing of the tongue and circumoral region, warm flushed feeling of skin, dream-like, sleeping, disoriented, lightheaded