Unit 4 - People Flashcards
What are the two methods of recruitment?
Internal and external
What is internal recruitment?
Employees being promoted.
These jobs are advertised via staff email, notice boards, intranet etc.
What is external recruitment?
Employees that do not currently work for the business.
These jobs will be advertised via websites, job centres, in stores etc.
What are the costs and benefits of internal recruitment?
Costs - Usually less applicants Creates another vacancy No new ideas brought in Conflict due to who gets promoted
Benefits -
Employees know the organisation therefore can save training costs and time
Advertising costs are less
Opportunity to gain promotion can motivate employees
Vacancies filled quickly
What are the costs and benefits of external recruitment?
Costs -
Induction training will have to be carried out
Long selection process due to high number of applications
Demotivates staff due to no opportunity for promotion
Benefits -
Wider pool of applicants to choose from
Brings in new ideas
Avoids creating a further vacancy to fill
What are the 8 steps in the recruitment/selection process?
RECRUITMENT
- Identify a vacancy
- Prepare a job analysis (job description and person specification)
- Advertise the job
- Issue application forms/request CV’s
SELECTION
- Receive completed applications
- Shortlist candidates
- Hold interviews
- Offer the position
What is a job description?
Gives candidates more information about the job e.g. job title, pay, working hours, responsibilities
What is a person specification?
Describes the ideal candidate the employer is looking for e.g. skills, experience, qualifications, qualities etc
What are the three types of interview?
One-to-one
Panel interviews
Group interviews
What are the benefits of training?
Improves skills/knowledge
Motivational for staff if they’re kept up to date
Improves product quality
What is on the job training?
Takes place in the business
Takes place whilst performing the job
Usually experience is given by a more experienced worker
Feedback and guidance is provided
What is off the job training?
Provided away from the workplace (sometimes a training centre)
Training conducted by specialists
What is induction training?
Given to new employees when they join an organisation
Can include a tour and health and safety training
Usually conducted by managers
What are the costs and benefits of training?
Costs -
Expensive (travel, accommodation, cost of the course itself)
What is a peer to peer appraisal?
When the appraisal is carried out by a colleague at the same level in the organisation
What is a 360 degree appraisal?
Conducted by the HR manager or line manager
As well as interviewing the employee about their own performance, they interview fellow colleagues, supervisors etc about the employees performance
What is a traditional appraisal?
A 2-way meeting between two members of staff to discuss the employees performance and set targets.
Costs and benefits of traditional appraisals?
Benefits -
Positive feedback and targets given which motivate the employee
Training needs are highlighted which increases quality output
Strong relationships formed
Costs -
Negative feedback demotivates employees
Areas of development being highlighted can demotivate the employee
Time consuming
Costs and benefits of peer-to-peer appraisals?
Benefits -
Employees can be more relaxed as feedback is given by a colleague
Costs -
Personal relationships could result in it being ineffective
Costs and benefits of 360 degree appraisals?
Costs -
Some employees may find it difficult to be critical about their colleagues
Benefits -
A complete employee profile is gained
What are financial methods of motivating staff?
Time rate - paying per hour (incentive to work many hours)
Piece rate - employees receive money for every unit they produce
Overtime - paid at a higher rate
Bonus - additional money for meeting a target or working hard
Commission - receiving a percentage of the sale they make
What are non-financial methods of motivating staff?
Praise - motivates staff
Job rotation - performing different roles keeps employees interested
Team working - motivates workers and they show commitment to their team
Worker participation - consulting employees in the decision making process makes them feel more valued
What are the 4 flexible working practices?
Part time
Flexi-time - flexibility in start and finish times
Job share
Home working
What are the 5 parts of Maslow’s hierarchy needs?
Self-actualisation - morality, problem solving etc
Esteem - confidence, achievement etc
Love/belonging - friendship, family etc
Safety - security of body, employment etc
Physiological - food, water, breathing etc
What is Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory?
Employees are motivated by 2 sets of factors: motivators and hygiene factors.
Hygiene factors do not motivate but demotivate if not met - clean toilets, safe working conditions, fair pay
Motivator factors don’t lower motivation if absent but do increase motivation if present - linked to top tier of Maslow’s hierarchy (rewards)
What are some motivation methods?
Fair pay - work to earn therefore poor pay will decrease their motivation/productiveness
Incentives - rewarded for a job
Permanent contracts - security makes employees feel more secure
What are 5 forms of industrial action?
Strike - employees refuse to work/enter the workplace
Sit in - employees refuse to work and sit in the workplace
Overtime ban - working no hours above their contract
Work to rule - only carry out tasks in their job description
Go slow - work slower than normal to reduce productivity
What are the advantages and disadvantages to the employer of industrial action?
Advantages -
New procedures can be introduced to avoid conflict in the future
Relationship can be improved by talking about the problem
Disadvantages -
Loss in productivity
Sales might suffer
Bad publicity
What are the advantages and disadvantages to the employee of industrial action?
Advantages -
Forces the employer to take the complaint seriously
The relationship should improve once the problem is dealt with
Disadvantages -
No pay during the strike
Bad publicity
Job losses due to lack of sales
What is a trade union?
An organisation that represents a group of employees
Give employees a stronger voice
Examples include
UNISON
Unite the union
EIS
What are the benefits of belonging to a trade union?
Obtain good rates of pay
Protect workers jobs
Ensure satisfactory working conditions
What is the equality act 2010?
The act aims to reduce inequalities in the working environment by protecting 9 characteristics
What is the health and safety at work act 1974?
Aims to raise the standard of health and safety in workplaces
Employers duty -
Maintenance of machinery and equipment to ensure it is safe to use
Provision of health and safety training
Health and safety policy
Employee’s duties -
Behave in a reasonable manner
Report incidents
Accept training
What is an autocratic management style, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it?
Absolute authority and control is retained by the leader
Advantages -
Quick decision making
Direct assistance for employees
Clear expectations
Disadvantages -
Lack of input from employees
Employees are totally dependant on leaders
What is a democratic management style, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it?
Good communication between managers and employees
Managers let employees have a say in decision making
Advantages -
Employees are more engaged and motivates
Empowerment = greater job satisfaction
Disadvantages -
Longer decision making process
Effective leader required
What is a laissez-faire management style, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it?
Managers set tasks but don’t supervise and don’t interfere
Advantages -
Motivation is increased as employees are highly empowered
Reduction in stress for managers
Disadvantages -
Employees may feel more pressure
No supervision can lead to poor-quality output
How can technology be used in managing people?
Internet - to advertise vacancies
Video conferencing - interview candidates saves time and money
Presentation software - meetings
