Unit 4 - People Flashcards by Shannon Baker

What are the two methods of recruitment?

Internal and external

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What is internal recruitment?

Employees being promoted.

These jobs are advertised via staff email, notice boards, intranet etc.

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What is external recruitment?

Employees that do not currently work for the business.

These jobs will be advertised via websites, job centres, in stores etc.

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What are the costs and benefits of internal recruitment?

Costs - 
Usually less applicants
Creates another vacancy
No new ideas brought in
Conflict due to who gets promoted

Benefits -
Employees know the organisation therefore can save training costs and time
Advertising costs are less
Opportunity to gain promotion can motivate employees
Vacancies filled quickly

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What are the costs and benefits of external recruitment?

Costs -
Induction training will have to be carried out
Long selection process due to high number of applications
Demotivates staff due to no opportunity for promotion

Benefits -
Wider pool of applicants to choose from
Brings in new ideas
Avoids creating a further vacancy to fill

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What are the 8 steps in the recruitment/selection process?

RECRUITMENT

Identify a vacancy
Prepare a job analysis (job description and person specification)
Advertise the job
Issue application forms/request CV’s

SELECTION

Receive completed applications
Shortlist candidates
Hold interviews
Offer the position

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What is a job description?

Gives candidates more information about the job e.g. job title, pay, working hours, responsibilities

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What is a person specification?

Describes the ideal candidate the employer is looking for e.g. skills, experience, qualifications, qualities etc

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What are the three types of interview?

One-to-one
Panel interviews
Group interviews

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What are the benefits of training?

Improves skills/knowledge
Motivational for staff if they’re kept up to date
Improves product quality

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What is on the job training?

Takes place in the business
Takes place whilst performing the job
Usually experience is given by a more experienced worker
Feedback and guidance is provided

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What is off the job training?

Provided away from the workplace (sometimes a training centre)
Training conducted by specialists

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What is induction training?

Given to new employees when they join an organisation
Can include a tour and health and safety training
Usually conducted by managers

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What are the costs and benefits of training?

Costs -

Expensive (travel, accommodation, cost of the course itself)

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What is a peer to peer appraisal?

When the appraisal is carried out by a colleague at the same level in the organisation

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What is a 360 degree appraisal?

Conducted by the HR manager or line manager
As well as interviewing the employee about their own performance, they interview fellow colleagues, supervisors etc about the employees performance

What is a traditional appraisal?

A 2-way meeting between two members of staff to discuss the employees performance and set targets.

Costs and benefits of traditional appraisals?

Benefits -
Positive feedback and targets given which motivate the employee
Training needs are highlighted which increases quality output
Strong relationships formed

Costs -
Negative feedback demotivates employees
Areas of development being highlighted can demotivate the employee
Time consuming

Costs and benefits of peer-to-peer appraisals?

Benefits -
Employees can be more relaxed as feedback is given by a colleague

Costs -
Personal relationships could result in it being ineffective

Costs and benefits of 360 degree appraisals?

Costs -
Some employees may find it difficult to be critical about their colleagues

Benefits -
A complete employee profile is gained

What are financial methods of motivating staff?

Time rate - paying per hour (incentive to work many hours)

Piece rate - employees receive money for every unit they produce

Overtime - paid at a higher rate

Bonus - additional money for meeting a target or working hard

Commission - receiving a percentage of the sale they make

What are non-financial methods of motivating staff?

Praise - motivates staff

Job rotation - performing different roles keeps employees interested

Team working - motivates workers and they show commitment to their team

Worker participation - consulting employees in the decision making process makes them feel more valued

What are the 4 flexible working practices?

Part time
Flexi-time - flexibility in start and finish times
Job share
Home working

What are the 5 parts of Maslow’s hierarchy needs?

Self-actualisation - morality, problem solving etc

Esteem - confidence, achievement etc

Love/belonging - friendship, family etc

Safety - security of body, employment etc

Physiological - food, water, breathing etc

What is Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory?

Employees are motivated by 2 sets of factors: motivators and hygiene factors. Hygiene factors do not motivate but demotivate if not met - clean toilets, safe working conditions, fair pay Motivator factors don’t lower motivation if absent but do increase motivation if present - linked to top tier of Maslow’s hierarchy (rewards)

What are some motivation methods?

Fair pay - work to earn therefore poor pay will decrease their motivation/productiveness Incentives - rewarded for a job Permanent contracts - security makes employees feel more secure

What are 5 forms of industrial action?

Strike - employees refuse to work/enter the workplace Sit in - employees refuse to work and sit in the workplace Overtime ban - working no hours above their contract Work to rule - only carry out tasks in their job description Go slow - work slower than normal to reduce productivity

What are the advantages and disadvantages to the employer of industrial action?

Advantages - New procedures can be introduced to avoid conflict in the future Relationship can be improved by talking about the problem Disadvantages - Loss in productivity Sales might suffer Bad publicity

What are the advantages and disadvantages to the employee of industrial action?

Advantages - Forces the employer to take the complaint seriously The relationship should improve once the problem is dealt with Disadvantages - No pay during the strike Bad publicity Job losses due to lack of sales

What is a trade union?

An organisation that represents a group of employees Give employees a stronger voice Examples include UNISON Unite the union EIS

What are the benefits of belonging to a trade union?

Obtain good rates of pay Protect workers jobs Ensure satisfactory working conditions

What is the equality act 2010?

The act aims to reduce inequalities in the working environment by protecting 9 characteristics

What is the health and safety at work act 1974?

Aims to raise the standard of health and safety in workplaces Employers duty - Maintenance of machinery and equipment to ensure it is safe to use Provision of health and safety training Health and safety policy Employee’s duties - Behave in a reasonable manner Report incidents Accept training

What is an autocratic management style, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it?

Absolute authority and control is retained by the leader Advantages - Quick decision making Direct assistance for employees Clear expectations Disadvantages - Lack of input from employees Employees are totally dependant on leaders

What is a democratic management style, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it?

Good communication between managers and employees Managers let employees have a say in decision making Advantages - Employees are more engaged and motivates Empowerment = greater job satisfaction Disadvantages - Longer decision making process Effective leader required

What is a laissez-faire management style, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it?

Managers set tasks but don’t supervise and don’t interfere Advantages - Motivation is increased as employees are highly empowered Reduction in stress for managers Disadvantages - Employees may feel more pressure No supervision can lead to poor-quality output

How can technology be used in managing people?

Internet - to advertise vacancies Video conferencing - interview candidates saves time and money Presentation software - meetings