Unit 4: Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infection

Question 1

Microorganisms that cause disease

Answer 1

Pathogens

Question 2

The source or cause of an illness or abnormal condition

Answer 2

Pathogenesis

Question 3

Pertaining to the ability of the pathogenic agent to cause disease by overcoming host defenses

Answer 3

Pathogenicity

Question 4

The relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease; the degree of pathogenicity

Answer 4

Virulence

Question 5

Pertaining to a very pathogenic or rapidly progressing condition

Answer 5

Virulent

Question 6

The process by which certain cells of the body engulf and destroy microbes

Answer 6

Phagocytosis

Question 7

Phagocytic cells:

Answer 7

Macrophage and Neutrophils

Question 8

An infection that occurs as the result of medical treatment or procedures

Answer 8

Iatrogenic infection

Question 9

Attachment of bacteria to host tissues at their portal of entry

Answer 9

Adherence

Question 10

Organisms recognized to cause disease in healthy immunocompetent individuals a high percentage of the time

Answer 10

True pathogens

Question 11

Examples of true pathogens:

Answer 11

Yersinia Pestis and Bacillus anthracis

Question 12

Also called as “opportunists”

Answer 12

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 13

Microorganisms that usually do not produce disease but are capable of causing disease in an individual whose immune system is compromised

Answer 13

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 14

Examples of Opportunistic pathogens:

Answer 14

*Neisseria meningitidis
*Escherichia coli

Question 15

An opportunistic pathogen that is usually harmless in the Respiratory Tract, but can cause meningitis

Answer 15

Neisseria meningitis

Question 16

E.coli can cause:

Answer 16

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Question 17

Microorganisms which will not cause disease naturally, but it will affect the patient if they become immunocompromised

Answer 17

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 18

Portals of entry:

Answer 18

1. Mucous membranes - Respiratory tract, Gastrointestinal Tract, Genitourinary Tract, Conjunctiva
2. Skin - Unbroken skin, Hair Follicles, Sweat galnd ducts
3. Parenteral route - Punctures, injections, bites, cuts, wounds, surgery

Question 19

Easiest and most frequently traveled portal of entry for infectious microorganisms

Answer 19

Mucous membranes

Question 20

Diseases that are commonly contracted via Respiratory Tract:

Answer 20

Common Cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, and measles

Question 21

Microorganisms can gain access to the GI tract in food and water and via:

Answer 21

Contaminated fingers

Question 22

Microbes in the GI tract can cause:

Answer 22

Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis A, Typhoid fever, Amebic dysentery, Giardiasis, Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery), Cholera

Question 23

Function of the acidity of the stomach:

Answer 23

When we intake microorganisms, if the stomach is acidic, then the microorganism will die because our stomach contain hydrochloric acid and enzymes, or by bile and enzymes in the small intestine. Those that survive can cause disease