Unit 4 Outcome 3

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

• Population (year 12 students at MacKillop college werribee)
• Experimental condition (consume a sugary drink)
• Estimated Outcome (improve)
• DV (their memory)
• Control condition (than those who don’t consume the sugary drinks)

Question 2

inferential statistics

Answer 2

Involves judgement about the results, By giving the results meaning. Measured by the p value

Question 3

descriptive stimulus

Answer 3

analyzing, organizing, summarizing and describing results. Measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode.

Question 4

median and mode

Answer 4

median: order numbers (H-L) and the middle number is it
mode: the most reoccurring number

Question 5

socio-cultural approach

Answer 5

Thoughts feelings and behaviour that are appropriate in society or a particular culture are considered normal, and those behaviours that are considered inappropriate are considered abnormal. for example loud crying at a funeral could be considered normal, whereas is could be considered abnormal in other cultures.

Question 6

functional approach

Answer 6

Thoughts, feelings and behaviour are viewed as normal if the individual is able to cope with living independently in society, but considered abnormal if they are unable to function is society. for example being able to feed and clothe yourself is normal, but not being able to hold a job and avoiding relationships with others is abnormal.

Question 7

Situational approach

Answer 7

within a society or culture, thoughts, feelings and behaviour that may be considered normal in one situation may be considered abnormal in another. for example coming to school in pj’s is abnormal, yet it is considered normal to wear them to bed.

Question 8

mental health

Answer 8

the capacity of a person to interact with others in ways that promote well being, optimal development and effective use of a persons cognitive, emotional and social abilities.

Question 9

mental illness

Answer 9

psychological disorder that significantly interferes with the persons cognitive, emotional and social abilities

Question 10

categorical approaches v. dimensional approaches

Answer 10

categorical:

• yes or no approach
• presence or absence of mental disorder.
• has or does not have a mental disorder listed in the DSM or ICD

dimensional:

• classifies symptoms or other characteristics in terms of how much
• aims at ranking or grading the symptoms
• one or more continuous quantitative dimensions in terms of severity

Question 11

Biopsychosocial framework

Answer 11

is an approach to explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and influence a persons health. reflects a ‘holistic’ view of health; the person is considered a ‘whole person’

Question 12

biological factor

Answer 12

physiological influences, not under our control, such as genes or brain chemistry

Question 13

psychological factor

Answer 13

influences associated with mental processes such as how we think, learn or make decisions.

Question 14

social factor

Answer 14

interact with others, relationships, and support available from others. stressors and trauma and life events.

Question 15

fight or flight response

Answer 15

is an involuntary reaction resulting in a state of readiness to deal with sudden and immediate threat

Question 16

HPA axis

Answer 16

chain or physiological reactions during stress, involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the adrenal glands.

threat perceived- hypothalamus activated- which stimulates the pituitary gland- pituitary gland secretes hormone ACTH into blood- ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex- which then secretes corticosteroids- cortisol energises the body.

activated when experiencing chronic stress

Question 17

eustress v. distress

Answer 17

eustress:

• positive response to stressor
• feeling enthusiastic and motivated
  e. g. preparing for grad
• short term

distress:

• negative response to stressor
• feeling anger and anxiety
  e. g. losing an important match in tennis
• short term, but can last longer
• may seriously impact health

Question 18

psychological responses to stress

Answer 18

behavioural changes- jumpiness, aggression
emotional changes- anxiety, anger
cognitive- difficulties with thinking clearly and thinking rationally

Question 19

transaction model of stress and coping

Answer 19

primary appraisal:

• Am I in trouble? does it matter? is there a benefit? is this something I have to deal with?
• outcome is a decision; irrelevant, benign-positive, stressful
• stressful: harm/loss, threat, challenge
  harm: how much damage has occurred
  threat: harm/loss could occur in the future
  challenge: personal gain or growth (I’ll figure it out)

Question 20

problem focused coping

Answer 20

manage or change the cause of the stress such as; learning new skills to more effectively manage the stressor.

Question 21

emotional-focused coping

Answer 21

efforts to deal with our emotional response to stressor such as; seeking emotional support from family or friends.

Question 22

strength

Answer 22

emphasises the ‘active’ role individuals have in the stress process

Question 23

describe a person with factors that influence the stress response

Answer 23

social- relationships and social interaction
cultural- new culture could produce stress response
environmental- crowding, loud noises, temperature
Sarah moved to Australia from Baghdad, she is experiencing racism from individuals in the environment, due to the fact she wears a turban which displays cultural differences this racism makes her feel disconnected from society and she feels discriminated against when applying for jobs, causing distress.

Question 24

social support

Answer 24

people who provide social support; family, friends and peers

Question 25

social support

Tangible assistance

Answer 25

material support, such as services, financial assistance, that may help offset the stressful event. e.g. giving food to someone who has just lost their job