Unit 4 Outcome 3 Flashcards
Hypothesis
- Population (year 12 students at MacKillop college werribee)
- Experimental condition (consume a sugary drink)
- Estimated Outcome (improve)
- DV (their memory)
- Control condition (than those who don’t consume the sugary drinks)
inferential statistics
Involves judgement about the results, By giving the results meaning. Measured by the p value
descriptive stimulus
analyzing, organizing, summarizing and describing results. Measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode.
median and mode
median: order numbers (H-L) and the middle number is it
mode: the most reoccurring number
socio-cultural approach
Thoughts feelings and behaviour that are appropriate in society or a particular culture are considered normal, and those behaviours that are considered inappropriate are considered abnormal. for example loud crying at a funeral could be considered normal, whereas is could be considered abnormal in other cultures.
functional approach
Thoughts, feelings and behaviour are viewed as normal if the individual is able to cope with living independently in society, but considered abnormal if they are unable to function is society. for example being able to feed and clothe yourself is normal, but not being able to hold a job and avoiding relationships with others is abnormal.
Situational approach
within a society or culture, thoughts, feelings and behaviour that may be considered normal in one situation may be considered abnormal in another. for example coming to school in pj’s is abnormal, yet it is considered normal to wear them to bed.
mental health
the capacity of a person to interact with others in ways that promote well being, optimal development and effective use of a persons cognitive, emotional and social abilities.
mental illness
psychological disorder that significantly interferes with the persons cognitive, emotional and social abilities
categorical approaches v. dimensional approaches
categorical:
- yes or no approach
- presence or absence of mental disorder.
- has or does not have a mental disorder listed in the DSM or ICD
dimensional:
- classifies symptoms or other characteristics in terms of how much
- aims at ranking or grading the symptoms
- one or more continuous quantitative dimensions in terms of severity
Biopsychosocial framework
is an approach to explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and influence a persons health. reflects a ‘holistic’ view of health; the person is considered a ‘whole person’
biological factor
physiological influences, not under our control, such as genes or brain chemistry
psychological factor
influences associated with mental processes such as how we think, learn or make decisions.
social factor
interact with others, relationships, and support available from others. stressors and trauma and life events.
fight or flight response
is an involuntary reaction resulting in a state of readiness to deal with sudden and immediate threat
HPA axis
chain or physiological reactions during stress, involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the adrenal glands.
threat perceived- hypothalamus activated- which stimulates the pituitary gland- pituitary gland secretes hormone ACTH into blood- ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex- which then secretes corticosteroids- cortisol energises the body.
activated when experiencing chronic stress
eustress v. distress
eustress:
- positive response to stressor
- feeling enthusiastic and motivated
e. g. preparing for grad - short term
distress:
- negative response to stressor
- feeling anger and anxiety
e. g. losing an important match in tennis - short term, but can last longer
- may seriously impact health
psychological responses to stress
behavioural changes- jumpiness, aggression
emotional changes- anxiety, anger
cognitive- difficulties with thinking clearly and thinking rationally
transaction model of stress and coping
primary appraisal:
- Am I in trouble? does it matter? is there a benefit? is this something I have to deal with?
- outcome is a decision; irrelevant, benign-positive, stressful
- stressful: harm/loss, threat, challenge
harm: how much damage has occurred
threat: harm/loss could occur in the future
challenge: personal gain or growth (I’ll figure it out)
problem focused coping
manage or change the cause of the stress such as; learning new skills to more effectively manage the stressor.
emotional-focused coping
efforts to deal with our emotional response to stressor such as; seeking emotional support from family or friends.
strength
emphasises the ‘active’ role individuals have in the stress process
describe a person with factors that influence the stress response
social- relationships and social interaction
cultural- new culture could produce stress response
environmental- crowding, loud noises, temperature
Sarah moved to Australia from Baghdad, she is experiencing racism from individuals in the environment, due to the fact she wears a turban which displays cultural differences this racism makes her feel disconnected from society and she feels discriminated against when applying for jobs, causing distress.
social support
people who provide social support; family, friends and peers
social support
Tangible assistance
material support, such as services, financial assistance, that may help offset the stressful event. e.g. giving food to someone who has just lost their job
