Unit 4- Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Alkene
CnH2n
Unsaturated- contain double bond
Homologous Series
Follows a regular pattern and have the same general molecular formula and differ only by the addition of -CH2- groups
Alkane
CnH2n+2
Saturated- all single bonds
Alcohol
R-OH
Aldehyde
R-CHO
Carboxylic acid
R-COOH
Ketone
R-O-R’
Halogenoalkane
R-X
Empirical Formula
Shows the simplest ratio of atoms present
Molecular Formula
Shows the actual number of atoms present
Structural Formula
Shows the connectivity of atoms
Isomers
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
Complete combustion
Carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete combustion
Carbon monoxide plus water
Carbon monoxide
Colourless, odorless and highly poisonous gas
Substitution reaction
A reaction in which one atom is replaced by another
Bromine
A chemical test used to distinguish between alkane and alkenes
Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Tertiary alcohol
When the carbon attached to the OH group is only attached to one carbon
When the carbon attached to the OH group is attached to two carbons
When the carbon attached to the OH group is attached to three carbons
Primary halogeoalkane
Secondary halogenoalkane
Tertiary hogenoalkane
When the carbon attached to the halogen is only attached to one carbon
When the carbon attached to the halogen is attached to two carbons
When the carbon attached to the halogen is attached to three carbons
Primary, secondary and
tertiary amines
The reasoning for amines is slightly different..
The focus is on the nitrogen atom in the amine
functional group
Nitrogen attached to two H and 1 carbon = primary
Nitrogen attached to 1 H and 2 C = secondary
Nitrogen attached to 3 C = tertiary
