Unit 4 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Alkanes (definition, formula)
Hydrocarbon that has only SINGLE bonds
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Alkenes (definition, formula)
Hydrocarbon that contains at least one C-C DOUBLE bond CₙH₂ₙ
Alkynes (definition, formula)
Hydrocarbon that contains at least one C-C TRIPLE bond
CₙH₂ₙ-₂
Structural Isomer
Compound that has the same molecular formula as another compound but a different structure
Stereoisomer
Molecules with same chemical formula and structural backbone but different arrangement of atoms in space (alkenes only)
Cis Isomer: stereoisomer with groups of interest located on the same side of the double bond
Trans Isomer: stereoisomer with groups of interest located on opposite sides of the double bond
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon with a pattern of bonding that makes it chemically stable
Simplist is Benzene
Alcohols (functional group, suffix)
Contains -OH (hydroxyl) functional group, can be primary, secondary, or tertiary
suffix is ‘al’
Ethers (element, naming)
oxygen between carbon chains
shorter alkyl group then ‘oxy’ then longer alkyl group
Aldehydes and Ketones (functional group, suffix)
Contain carbonyl group (C=O)
Aldehydes have the carbonyl at the END of the molecule, end with ‘al’
Ketones have the carbonyl somewhere in the MIDDLE of the molecule, end with ‘one’
Carboxylic Acids (functional group, suffix)
Contain carboxyl group at the end of the chain
end with ‘oic acid’
often written as -COOH
Esters (made up of, suffix)
Carboxylic acid + alcohol
end in ‘oate’
parent chain has carbon attached to double bonded O and single bonded O
Amines (functional group, suffix)
Contain amino functional group -N
end with ‘amine’
Amides (made up of, suffix)
carboxylic acid + amine
-anamide
