Unit 4: Nations in Competition Flashcards
Colonialism
Imperial powers land or territories in other continents
Motives for Imperialism
MAIN ONES: Economic, Political, Religious, Exploratory, and Ideological
Extra: Land, Resources, White Supremacy, Religion (Christianity), Competition, Different Environments
Social Darwinism
Natural Selection — “survival of the fittest”
Excuse for Europeans to colonize
Economic Supremacy
Europeans convinced themselves this was another reason for colonization
Cash Crops
Europeans forced people in their colonies to switch to growing these to make themselves a profit and something they would trade with other countries
Scramble for Africa
When the European countries all tried to get parts of Africa for themselves
Zulus
African group that was able to prevent European colonization for a while because they were able to create an empire. But even they got defeated by the British.
Boer War
Boer = the Dutch that first colonized Africa in South Africa
British took over and the Boers turned against the British. Lead to war and the British won.
Berlin Conference
Conference between European central powers in which they divided up Africa. No Africans were involved or got a say.
British East India Company
A British group in India that pushed for trade there. Later was the main colonization of India.
Sepoys
Indian soldiers serving in British military
Castes
Indian traditional social system. Indians set in certain positions in their social systems and the British exploited this.
Infrastructure Improvements
In India there was miles of railroad built and a possible positive to colonization
Sepoy Mutiny
The British gave the sepoys bullets that were coated in cow and pork fat and the soldiers had to bite them. This was against their religion and they turned against the British.
Raj
The British rule in India
Muslim League
A nationalist group in India
Isolationism
When a country does not interact with world affairs
Opium Trade/Opium War
China would not trade with British so they snuck in opium and that gave them entrance into Chinese trade. This caused China to grow angry and a war started. British won.
Treaty of Nanjing
- Forced China to open up ports and trade with Britain.
- Gave Britain Hong Kong
- Ruined China’s isolationism
Extraterritoriality
When foreign residents are exempt from the law of the country that they are in.
Nationalism
When a group of people has a strong sense of patriotic feelings.
Open Door Policy
America made a policy with other main powers saying that all of them could trade with China
Boxer Rebellion
Boxers (aka Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists) was secret organization made up of Chinese peasants who were angry at the situation the British had put them in. In 1900 they attacked European parts of Beijing, they were defeated. Shows rising nationalism.
Ottoman Empire
Empire was large but it was in decline. Many other countries encroaching on their territories.
Young Turks
A group that wanted reform and to replace the absolute monarch with a constitutional government. Later they started and caused the Armenian Genocide.
Suez Canal
Artificially built canal that goes from Red Sea to the Mediterranean (cuts through the little ear off Egypt). Easy and quick way for British to get to India. Helped them imperialize.
Treaty of Kanagawa
Opened up Japanese Trade to the US. Later expanded to other countries. Forced on by American Mathew Perry.
Meiji Reform
Japanese modernized taking best parts of other modern countries. Industrialization grew and Japan became as modern as all the other powerful nations.
Modernization
When a country brings its social and political and industrialization up to date or progress it.
Sino-Japanese War
Japan attacked China because they both wanted Korea so they made an agreement that neither would go for it, but China broke it. Japan won.
Russo-Japanese War
Russia and Japan two major powers in East Asia and fought over Manchuria. Japan won.
Annexation of Korea
Japan attacked Korea and made it a protectorate. Disbanded their national army and king stepped down. Finally Annexed them in 1910. Japanese imposed harsh rules and their culture. Pushed Koreans off their land and gave it to Japanese. Restricted Koreans from certain things.
