Unit 4: Nations in Competition

Question 1

Colonialism

Answer 1

Imperial powers land or territories in other continents

Question 2

Motives for Imperialism

Answer 2

MAIN ONES: Economic, Political, Religious, Exploratory, and Ideological
Extra: Land, Resources, White Supremacy, Religion (Christianity), Competition, Different Environments

Question 3

Social Darwinism

Answer 3

Natural Selection — “survival of the fittest”

Excuse for Europeans to colonize

Question 4

Economic Supremacy

Answer 4

Europeans convinced themselves this was another reason for colonization

Question 5

Cash Crops

Answer 5

Europeans forced people in their colonies to switch to growing these to make themselves a profit and something they would trade with other countries

Question 6

Scramble for Africa

Answer 6

When the European countries all tried to get parts of Africa for themselves

Question 7

Zulus

Answer 7

African group that was able to prevent European colonization for a while because they were able to create an empire. But even they got defeated by the British.

Question 8

Boer War

Answer 8

Boer = the Dutch that first colonized Africa in South Africa

British took over and the Boers turned against the British. Lead to war and the British won.

Question 9

Berlin Conference

Answer 9

Conference between European central powers in which they divided up Africa. No Africans were involved or got a say.

Question 10

British East India Company

Answer 10

A British group in India that pushed for trade there. Later was the main colonization of India.

Question 11

Sepoys

Answer 11

Indian soldiers serving in British military

Question 12

Castes

Answer 12

Indian traditional social system. Indians set in certain positions in their social systems and the British exploited this.

Question 13

Infrastructure Improvements

Answer 13

In India there was miles of railroad built and a possible positive to colonization

Question 14

Sepoy Mutiny

Answer 14

The British gave the sepoys bullets that were coated in cow and pork fat and the soldiers had to bite them. This was against their religion and they turned against the British.

Question 15

Raj

Answer 15

The British rule in India

Question 16

Muslim League

Answer 16

A nationalist group in India

Question 17

Isolationism

Answer 17

When a country does not interact with world affairs

Question 18

Opium Trade/Opium War

Answer 18

China would not trade with British so they snuck in opium and that gave them entrance into Chinese trade. This caused China to grow angry and a war started. British won.

Question 19

Treaty of Nanjing

Answer 19

• Forced China to open up ports and trade with Britain.
• Gave Britain Hong Kong
• Ruined China’s isolationism

Question 20

Extraterritoriality

Answer 20

When foreign residents are exempt from the law of the country that they are in.

Question 21

Nationalism

Answer 21

When a group of people has a strong sense of patriotic feelings.

Question 22

Open Door Policy

Answer 22

America made a policy with other main powers saying that all of them could trade with China

Question 23

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 23

Boxers (aka Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists) was secret organization made up of Chinese peasants who were angry at the situation the British had put them in. In 1900 they attacked European parts of Beijing, they were defeated. Shows rising nationalism.

Question 24

Ottoman Empire

Answer 24

Empire was large but it was in decline. Many other countries encroaching on their territories.

Question 25

Young Turks

Answer 25

A group that wanted reform and to replace the absolute monarch with a constitutional government. Later they started and caused the Armenian Genocide.

Question 26

Suez Canal

Answer 26

Artificially built canal that goes from Red Sea to the Mediterranean (cuts through the little ear off Egypt). Easy and quick way for British to get to India. Helped them imperialize.

Question 27

Treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 27

Opened up Japanese Trade to the US. Later expanded to other countries. Forced on by American Mathew Perry.

Question 28

Meiji Reform

Answer 28

Japanese modernized taking best parts of other modern countries. Industrialization grew and Japan became as modern as all the other powerful nations.

Question 29

Modernization

Answer 29

When a country brings its social and political and industrialization up to date or progress it.

Question 30

Sino-Japanese War

Answer 30

Japan attacked China because they both wanted Korea so they made an agreement that neither would go for it, but China broke it. Japan won.

Question 31

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 31

Russia and Japan two major powers in East Asia and fought over Manchuria. Japan won.

Question 32

Annexation of Korea

Answer 32

Japan attacked Korea and made it a protectorate. Disbanded their national army and king stepped down. Finally Annexed them in 1910. Japanese imposed harsh rules and their culture. Pushed Koreans off their land and gave it to Japanese. Restricted Koreans from certain things.