Unit 4: Molecular Genetics

Question 1

What is the saying to remember what DNA bases fit together?

Answer 1

Apples in the Tree

Cars in the Garage

Question 2

DNA Replication Step 1:

Answer 2

Helicase: Unzips DNA helix

Question 3

DNA Replication Step 2:

Answer 3

Gyrasen: Creates a replication fork. Stops DNA from coiling up again as it gets unzipped.

Question 4

DNA Replication Step 3:

Answer 4

DNA Polymerase I: removes RNA primer and replaces RNA bases with DNA one.

Question 5

DNA Replication Step 4:

Answer 5

DNA Ligase: reattaches Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Question 6

What are the 2 steps of protein synthesis?

Answer 6

Transcription and Translation

Question 7

Protein Synthesis - Translation Step 1:

Answer 7

A segment of DNA is unwound by RNA Polymerase

Question 8

Protein Synthesis - Transcription Step 2:

Answer 8

RNA Polymerase binds to gene at the promoter sequence

Question 9

Protein Synthesis - Transcription Step 3:

Answer 9

mRNA transcript is made when RNA nucleotides are added to the template strand.

Question 10

Protein Synthesis -Transcription Step 4:

Answer 10

Transcription COMPLETE

mRNA has post transcriptional modification and moves to the cytoplasm.

Spliceosomes remove RNA introns

Exons are joined together

5 cap and 3 tail are added.

Question 11

Protein Synthesis Translation: Step 1

Answer 11

A ribosome recognizes the start of a codon.

Question 12

Protein Synthesis - Translation: Step 2

Answer 12

tRNA complexes attach to the ribosome, the anticodons match the ribosome codon.

Question 13

Protein Synthesis - Translation: Step 3

Answer 13

Amino acids are joined together as the ribosome goes along the mRNA

Question 14

Protein Synthesis - Translation: Step 4

Answer 14

Ribosome reaches the STOP codon. Translation stops!

Question 15

Protein Synthesis: Final Step

Answer 15

Amino acid chain is released and folds into its final shape its protein coded for.

Question 16

Sodium dodecyl sulphate

Answer 16

Extracting

Question 17

Restriction Endonuclease

Answer 17

Digesting/cutting

Question 18

Taq Polymerase

Answer 18

Elongating

Question 19

ddNTP

Answer 19

Sequencing/reading

Question 20

Ethidium Bromide

Answer 20

Visualizing

Question 21

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 21

Separating

Question 22

Plasmids

Answer 22

Recombining

Question 23

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Answer 23

Amplifying

Question 24

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 24

When a DNA sequence is altered by nucleotides arn’t a multiple of 3 or are incorrectly inserted or deleted.

Question 25

Silent Mutation

Answer 25

A DNA change that doesn’t change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Question 26

Missense Mutation

Answer 26

When one amino acid is replaced with another.

Question 27

DNA Discover 1869

Answer 27

Miescher discovers DNA

Question 28

DNA discover 1919

Answer 28

Levene discovers DNA is made of nucleotides

Question 29

DNA discovery 1928

Answer 29

Griffith discovers genetic material can be transferred

Question 30

DNA discovery 1944

Answer 30

Avery discovers that DNA carries genetic code.

Question 31

DNA discovery 1950-53

Answer 31

Watson and Crick discover that DNA is a double-helix

Question 32

What are the 3 stages of DNA replication?

Answer 32

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
   3.Termination