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health and social > Unit 4- LO1 > Flashcards

Unit 4- LO1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cardiovascular system

A

the process of pumping blood around the body

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2
Q

what is cardiovascular system made up of

A

heart, veins, arteries, capillaries

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3
Q

importance of cardiovascular system

A

-it transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances around the body.
-removes waste products

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4
Q

what is plasma

A

straw-coloured liquid that takes up 55% of the blood

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5
Q

what does plasma do

A

transports dissolved substances around the body

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6
Q

what are specific dissolved substances in plasma

A

hormones, antibodies, nutrients(water), amino acids, minerals and vitamins, waste substances(CO2)

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7
Q

what does the plasma carry

A

platelets and red blood cells

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8
Q

soluble substances in plasma

A

urea, hormones, gases(CO2), soluble products of digestion(amino acids, mineral ions, vitamins, glucose and other simple sugars

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9
Q

what are erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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10
Q

what is the role of erythrocytes

A

carry oxygen to the blood

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11
Q

what is haemoglobin

A

contained in red blood cells, to absorb oxygen in the lungs and releases oxygen in the rest of body

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12
Q

structure of red blood cells

A

-flattened disc shape to increase surface area for diffusion to occur
-cells are tiny, allows them to pass through narrow capillaries

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13
Q

what are leucocytes

A

white blood cells

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14
Q

what are the three different types of leucocytes

A

lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils

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15
Q

structure of a leucocytes

A
  • changes shape to squeeze out of blood vessels
    -cytoplasm changes to engulf and destroy pathogens
  • nucleus to control what the cell does
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16
Q

role of leucocytes

A

-destroy viruses
-remove dead cells and bacteria
-produce antibodies

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17
Q

what are thrombocytes

A

platelets

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18
Q

structure of thrombocytes

A

-sticky small cells that move around body until injured
-no nucleus

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19
Q

role of thrombocyte

A

join together with protein(fibrinogen) to form a clot, which stops the flow of blood out of blood vessel

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20
Q

what are the blood functions

A
  1. transport
  2. temperature regulation
  3. exchange of materials
  4. blood clotting
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21
Q

different transportation in the blood

A

plasma - transports dissolved substances
erythrocytes - carry oxygen
leucocytes - transported to destroy pathogens
platelets - to form clots

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22
Q

how does the body regulate temperature

A

body carries out respiration to generate energy released as heat, this warms blood.
Due to the cardiovascular system it circulates all the body and distributes the energy evenly to keep the body at 37 degrees.

23
Q

what happens if the body’s temperature is too high

A

-sweat produced by sweat glands, evaporates from skin, transfers energy into environment
-vasodilation- blood vessels supplying skin dilate so more blood flows close to surface
-hair erector muscles relax and lie flat

24
Q

what happens if the body’s temperature if too low

A
  • shivering , needs respiration which transfers energy to warm body
  • vasoconstriction-blood vessels supplying skin capillaries constrict to close of the skins blood supply
  • hairs erect, trap insulation
25
Q

define exchange

A

movement into blood and out of it

26
Q

why does the body exchange materials

A

respiring cells need oxygen and glucose for respiration so these both move out of the blood

27
Q

what materials are exchanged at the digestive system

A

glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol move into the blood

28
Q

what materials are exchanged at the the lungs of the respiratory system

A

oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed

29
Q

what materials are exchanged at the kidneys

A

toxic urea leaves the blood to becomes part of the urine

30
Q

what prevents infection in the blood

A

leucocytes (white blood cells)

31
Q

how do leucocytes prevent infection

A

destroy pathogens

32
Q

how does the monocytes and neutrophils destroy pathogens

A

by engulfing them

33
Q

how does lymphocytes destroy pathogens

A

-B cells produce antibodies to neutralise them
-T cells recognise viruses, latch onto cells and destroy it, including viruses

34
Q

what happens when a blood vessel is damaged

A

-platelets stick together to plug the damage
-strands of protein(fibrin) form a net at the damaged site
-COAGULATION- they trap red blood cells
-forms a scab if it is on the outside of the body

35
Q

what does the right side of the heart pump

A

deoxygenated blood

36
Q

what does the left side of the heart pump

A

oxygenated blood

37
Q

what does the right side of the heart consist of

A

vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary arterial valve, pulmonary artery

38
Q

what does the left side of the heart consist of

A

pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, semi-lunar valve, aorta, thick muscular wall

39
Q

where does the left side of the heart pump oxygen to

A

around the body

40
Q

where does the right side of the heart pump oxygen to

A

the lungs

41
Q

what is an ECG

A

electrocardiograph

42
Q

what is the role of an ECG

A

measures the electrical activity of the heart

43
Q

how does an ECG work

A

electrodes are attached to specific places on chest and limbs, this detects polarisation in heart by measuring the current at skin surface.
leads are connected to a machine which draws an ECG

44
Q

How can an ECG be used as a diagnostic tool

A

help diagnose heart problems, by comparing trace against normal ECG

45
Q

what are the 3 different ECG traces

A

tachycardia
bradycardia
arrhythmia

46
Q

what is type of trace is tachycardia

A

faster heart rate so lots of QRS peaks in a short space of time

47
Q

what is type of trace is bradycardia

A

slower heart rate so fewer QRS peaks

48
Q

what is type of trace is arrhythmia

A

irregular heart beat so PQRST waves are different heights and at different times

49
Q

what does the control of the cardiac consist of

A

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, purkinje fibres, bundle of his

50
Q

what is the role of the SAN

A

it is the pacemaker, so it initiates electrical impulses

51
Q

what do the electrical impulses from the SAN do

A

atrial systole- cause the atria to contract

52
Q

what is the role of the AVN

A

slows down electrical impulses and travels down the septum

53
Q

what happens at the bundle of his

A

electrical impulses travel down the purkinje fibres

54
Q
A

health and social (3 decks)

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