Unit 4- Japan Aggressions

Question 1

in Japanese history, a military ruler. The title was first used during the Heian period, when it was occasionally bestowed on a general after a successful campaign

Answer 1

Shogun

Question 2

the isolationist foreign policy of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate under which, for a period of 265 years during the Edo period, relations and trade between Japan and other countries were limited

Answer 2

Sakoku

Question 3

(1603–1867), the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship)

Answer 3

Pax Tokugawa

Question 4

U.S. naval officer who headed an expedition that forced Japan in 1853–54 to enter into trade and diplomatic relations with the West after more than two centuries of isolation.

Answer 4

Matthew Perry

Question 5

was the name given to Western vessels arriving in Japan in the 16th and 19th centuries.

Answer 5

“black ships”

Question 6

The Treaty was the result of an encounter between an elaborately planned mission to open Japan and an unwavering policy by Japan’s government of forbidding commerce with foreign nations. The treaty included opening trade with American vessels in some Japanese ports, protection for American sailors and vessels in Japan, and the formation of a US consulate in Japan

Answer 6

Treaty of Kanagawa

Question 7

he hereditary military dictatorship that ruled over Japan from 1603 until 1868. It was notable for restoring order and unity to Japan, and it did this partly through upholding strict social hierarchies

Answer 7

Tokugawa Shogunate

Question 8

the political revolution in 1868 that brought about the final demise of the Tokugawa shogunate (military government). It allowed Japan to develop into a modern industrial nation-state that rivaled European nations in both military and economic power.

Answer 8

Meiji Restoration

Question 9

the process of a society’s transition away from agrarianism and towards industry and manufacturing.

Answer 9

Industrialize

Question 10

the conflict between Japan and China in 1894–95 that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese empire. The war grew out of the conflict between the two countries for supremacy in Korea.

Answer 10

First Sino-Japanese War

Question 11

the final imperial dynasty in China, lasting from 1644 to 1912. It was an era noted for its initial prosperity and tumultuous final years, and for being only the second time that China was not ruled by the Han people.

Answer 11

Qing Empire

Question 12

a diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany, and France on 23 April 1895 over the harsh terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki imposed by Japan on the Qing dynasty of China that ended the First Sino-Japanese War. It required Japan to retrocede the Liaodong Peninsula to China in return for an additional indemnity of 30,000,000 taels.

Answer 12

Triple Intervention

Question 13

Conflict between Russia and Japan over territorial expansion in East Asia. After Russia leased the strategically important Port Arthur (now Lüshun, China) and expanded into Manchuria (northeastern China), it faced the increasing power of Japan.

Answer 13

Russo-Japanese War

Question 14

where the Russo-Japanese War first began at a battle at this location

Answer 14

Port Arthur

Question 15

the treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War, which had begun in 1904. The treaty was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on September 5, 1905, by Japanese and Russian diplomats. By definition, the Treaty of Portsmouth would mark peace between Russia and Japan.

Answer 15

Treaty of Portsmouth

Question 16

A former German colony before the first world war, the becoming Japan’s before being returned

Answer 16

Shadong Province

Question 17

The National Legislature in the Japanese government

Answer 17

National Diet

Question 18

emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912, during whose reign Japan was dramatically transformed from a feudal country into one of the great powers of the modern world

Answer 18

Emperor Meiji

Question 19

the emperor who reigned from 1912 to 1926 during a period in which Japan continued the modernization of its economy

Answer 19

Emperor Taisho

Question 20

emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He presided over the invasion of China, the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and eventually, the Japanese surrender to the Allies. Many historical sources have portrayed him as powerless. Often these sources characterized the emperor as constrained by military advisers that were making all the decisions.

Answer 20

Emperor Hirohito

Question 21

Term for Japan’s continued moves toward broader representational government during the ________ period. The tax qualification for voting was reduced, enfranchising more voters, and eventually eliminated in 1925. Party politics flourished and legislation favourable to labour was passed.

Answer 21

Taisho Democracy

Question 22

5:5:3 ratio. This meant that while the United States and Great Britain remained on par with each other in the size of their navies, Japan was held to a navy 60 percent as large.

Answer 22

five power naval treaty

Question 23

a region of NE China, historically the home of the Manchus, rulers of China from 1644 to 1912: includes part of Inner Mongolia and the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning

Answer 23

manchuria

Question 24

an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government

Answer 24

boxer rebellion

Question 25

last emperor (1908–1911/12) of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12) in China and puppet emperor of the Japanese-controlled state of Manchukuo

Answer 25

puyi

Question 26

a Chinese anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919.

Answer 26

fourth of may movement

Question 27

was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China from 1928 to his death in 1975

Answer 27

nationalists- Chaing Kai-shek

Question 28

a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People’s Republic of China, which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC

Answer 28

Communists- Mao Zedong

Question 29

Incident marked the dawn of Japanese military aggression in East Asia. The Kwantung Army alleged that Chinese soldiers had tried to bomb a South Manchurian Railway train. Damage to the railway was minimal and the train arrived at its destination safely.

Answer 29

Manchurian indicident

Question 30

first formed as an expeditionary force to counter the Russian army in Manchuria which occupied the Kwantung (Liaotung) Peninsula and patrolled the South Manchurian Railway zone

Answer 30

Kwantung Army

Question 31

an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party.

Answer 31

False flag operation

Question 32

Japanese occupied manchuria

Answer 32

Manchuko

Question 33

investigation team that was led by V.A.G.R. Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton, and was appointed by the League of Nations to determine the cause of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria begun on Sept. 18, 1931.

Answer 33

Lytton Inquiry

Question 34

declared to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil.

Answer 34

Condemnation

Question 35

Japan 1930 since the government devolved from a party-led representative system to military-led autocracy and headed towards the “Fifteen Year War,” which began with escalating conflicts in Manchuria and China and ended in the tragedies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Answer 35

“The dark valley”

Question 36

a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army active in the 1920s and 1930s. They sought to establish a military government that promoted totalitarian, militaristic and aggressive expansionistic ideals, and was largely supported by junior officers.

Answer 36

Koda-Ha

Question 37

a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army active in the 1920s and 1930s. They were a grouping of moderate officers united primarily by their opposition to the radical Kōdōha (Imperial Way) faction and its aggressive imperialist and anti-modernization ideals.

Answer 37

Tosei-Ha

Question 38

what the Chinese often refer to as the Eight Year War of Anti-Japanese Resistance, began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 1937 and ended with Japan’s surrender in September 1945

Answer 38

Second Sino-Japanese War

Question 39

conflict between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beiping (now Beijing), which developed into the warfare between the two countries that was the prelude to the Pacific side of World War II

Answer 39

Marco Polo Bridge

Question 40

was the mass killing and the ravaging of Chinese citizens and capitulated soldiers by soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army after its seizure of ____________

Answer 40

Nanking Massacre

Question 41

an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan, that they would work together to stop the spread of Communism around the globe

Answer 41

Anti-Comintern Pact

Question 42

military alliance between Italy and Germany

Answer 42

Pact of Steel

Question 43

the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy and Japan become allies

Answer 43

Tripartite Axis Pact

Question 44

the United States would not recognize any treaty or agreement between Japan and China that violated U.S. rights or agreements to which the United States subscribed.

Answer 44

Stimson Doctrine

Question 45

Naval ship sunk by Japan in 1937 and could have triggered World War 2.

Answer 45

USS Panay

Question 46

US put a _______ on Japan and suggested that manufacturers stop selling certain plane parts to Japan.

Answer 46

Moral Embargo

Question 47

the three countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia formerly associated with France, first within its empire and later within the French Union.

Answer 47

French Indochina

Question 48

one in a series of legislative efforts by the US government and initially the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to accomplish two tasks: to avoid scarcity of critical commodities in a likely prewar environment and to limit the exportation of materiel to Imperial Japan.

Answer 48

Export Control Act

Question 49

is the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country/state or a group of countries.

Answer 49

Economic embargo

Question 50

Japanese naval officer who conceived of the surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.

Answer 50

Admiral Yamamoto

Question 51

the prime minister of Japan during most of the Pacific War. He was one of the architects of Japan’s expansionist policies in Asia and directed Japan’s military efforts during its earliest and most successful campaigns

Answer 51

Prime Minister Tojo

Question 52

he site of the unprovoked aerial attack on the United States by Japan on December 7, 1941. Before the attack, many Americans were reluctant to become involved in the war in Europe. This all changed when the United States declared war on Japan, bringing the country into World War II.

Answer 52

Pearl Harbor