Unit 4- Japan Aggressions Flashcards
in Japanese history, a military ruler. The title was first used during the Heian period, when it was occasionally bestowed on a general after a successful campaign
Shogun
the isolationist foreign policy of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate under which, for a period of 265 years during the Edo period, relations and trade between Japan and other countries were limited
Sakoku
(1603–1867), the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship)
Pax Tokugawa
U.S. naval officer who headed an expedition that forced Japan in 1853–54 to enter into trade and diplomatic relations with the West after more than two centuries of isolation.
Matthew Perry
was the name given to Western vessels arriving in Japan in the 16th and 19th centuries.
“black ships”
The Treaty was the result of an encounter between an elaborately planned mission to open Japan and an unwavering policy by Japan’s government of forbidding commerce with foreign nations. The treaty included opening trade with American vessels in some Japanese ports, protection for American sailors and vessels in Japan, and the formation of a US consulate in Japan
Treaty of Kanagawa
he hereditary military dictatorship that ruled over Japan from 1603 until 1868. It was notable for restoring order and unity to Japan, and it did this partly through upholding strict social hierarchies
Tokugawa Shogunate
the political revolution in 1868 that brought about the final demise of the Tokugawa shogunate (military government). It allowed Japan to develop into a modern industrial nation-state that rivaled European nations in both military and economic power.
Meiji Restoration
the process of a society’s transition away from agrarianism and towards industry and manufacturing.
Industrialize
the conflict between Japan and China in 1894–95 that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese empire. The war grew out of the conflict between the two countries for supremacy in Korea.
First Sino-Japanese War
the final imperial dynasty in China, lasting from 1644 to 1912. It was an era noted for its initial prosperity and tumultuous final years, and for being only the second time that China was not ruled by the Han people.
Qing Empire
a diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany, and France on 23 April 1895 over the harsh terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki imposed by Japan on the Qing dynasty of China that ended the First Sino-Japanese War. It required Japan to retrocede the Liaodong Peninsula to China in return for an additional indemnity of 30,000,000 taels.
Triple Intervention
Conflict between Russia and Japan over territorial expansion in East Asia. After Russia leased the strategically important Port Arthur (now Lüshun, China) and expanded into Manchuria (northeastern China), it faced the increasing power of Japan.
Russo-Japanese War
where the Russo-Japanese War first began at a battle at this location
Port Arthur
the treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War, which had begun in 1904. The treaty was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on September 5, 1905, by Japanese and Russian diplomats. By definition, the Treaty of Portsmouth would mark peace between Russia and Japan.
Treaty of Portsmouth
A former German colony before the first world war, the becoming Japan’s before being returned
Shadong Province
The National Legislature in the Japanese government
National Diet
emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912, during whose reign Japan was dramatically transformed from a feudal country into one of the great powers of the modern world
Emperor Meiji
the emperor who reigned from 1912 to 1926 during a period in which Japan continued the modernization of its economy
Emperor Taisho
emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He presided over the invasion of China, the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and eventually, the Japanese surrender to the Allies. Many historical sources have portrayed him as powerless. Often these sources characterized the emperor as constrained by military advisers that were making all the decisions.
Emperor Hirohito
Term for Japan’s continued moves toward broader representational government during the ________ period. The tax qualification for voting was reduced, enfranchising more voters, and eventually eliminated in 1925. Party politics flourished and legislation favourable to labour was passed.
Taisho Democracy
5:5:3 ratio. This meant that while the United States and Great Britain remained on par with each other in the size of their navies, Japan was held to a navy 60 percent as large.
five power naval treaty
a region of NE China, historically the home of the Manchus, rulers of China from 1644 to 1912: includes part of Inner Mongolia and the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning
manchuria
an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government
boxer rebellion
last emperor (1908–1911/12) of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12) in China and puppet emperor of the Japanese-controlled state of Manchukuo
puyi
a Chinese anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919.
fourth of may movement
was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China from 1928 to his death in 1975
nationalists- Chaing Kai-shek
a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People’s Republic of China, which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC
Communists- Mao Zedong
Incident marked the dawn of Japanese military aggression in East Asia. The Kwantung Army alleged that Chinese soldiers had tried to bomb a South Manchurian Railway train. Damage to the railway was minimal and the train arrived at its destination safely.
Manchurian indicident
first formed as an expeditionary force to counter the Russian army in Manchuria which occupied the Kwantung (Liaotung) Peninsula and patrolled the South Manchurian Railway zone
Kwantung Army
an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party.
False flag operation
Japanese occupied manchuria
Manchuko
investigation team that was led by V.A.G.R. Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton, and was appointed by the League of Nations to determine the cause of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria begun on Sept. 18, 1931.
Lytton Inquiry
declared to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil.
Condemnation
Japan 1930 since the government devolved from a party-led representative system to military-led autocracy and headed towards the “Fifteen Year War,” which began with escalating conflicts in Manchuria and China and ended in the tragedies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
“The dark valley”
a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army active in the 1920s and 1930s. They sought to establish a military government that promoted totalitarian, militaristic and aggressive expansionistic ideals, and was largely supported by junior officers.
Koda-Ha
a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army active in the 1920s and 1930s. They were a grouping of moderate officers united primarily by their opposition to the radical Kōdōha (Imperial Way) faction and its aggressive imperialist and anti-modernization ideals.
Tosei-Ha
what the Chinese often refer to as the Eight Year War of Anti-Japanese Resistance, began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 1937 and ended with Japan’s surrender in September 1945
Second Sino-Japanese War
conflict between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beiping (now Beijing), which developed into the warfare between the two countries that was the prelude to the Pacific side of World War II
Marco Polo Bridge
was the mass killing and the ravaging of Chinese citizens and capitulated soldiers by soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army after its seizure of ____________
Nanking Massacre
an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan, that they would work together to stop the spread of Communism around the globe
Anti-Comintern Pact
military alliance between Italy and Germany
Pact of Steel
the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy and Japan become allies
Tripartite Axis Pact
the United States would not recognize any treaty or agreement between Japan and China that violated U.S. rights or agreements to which the United States subscribed.
Stimson Doctrine
Naval ship sunk by Japan in 1937 and could have triggered World War 2.
USS Panay
US put a _______ on Japan and suggested that manufacturers stop selling certain plane parts to Japan.
Moral Embargo
the three countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia formerly associated with France, first within its empire and later within the French Union.
French Indochina
one in a series of legislative efforts by the US government and initially the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to accomplish two tasks: to avoid scarcity of critical commodities in a likely prewar environment and to limit the exportation of materiel to Imperial Japan.
Export Control Act
is the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country/state or a group of countries.
Economic embargo
Japanese naval officer who conceived of the surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.
Admiral Yamamoto
the prime minister of Japan during most of the Pacific War. He was one of the architects of Japan’s expansionist policies in Asia and directed Japan’s military efforts during its earliest and most successful campaigns
Prime Minister Tojo
he site of the unprovoked aerial attack on the United States by Japan on December 7, 1941. Before the attack, many Americans were reluctant to become involved in the war in Europe. This all changed when the United States declared war on Japan, bringing the country into World War II.
Pearl Harbor
