Unit 4: Genetics

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

Holds DNA
Humans have 23 homologous pairs (46 total)

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Transferred from parent to offspring

Question 3

Law of independent assortment

Answer 3

the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not
influence the allele received for another gene

Question 4

Law of dominance

Answer 4

If there is a dom allele present that is the gene that is expressed

Question 5

Genotypic ratio

Answer 5

Homo dom : Hetero : Homo rec

Question 6

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 6

Dom : Rec

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

the molecule that carries genetic information

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

versions of a genetic sequence
EX: RR, Rr, rr

Question 9

Law of segregation

Answer 9

During the formation of gamete, each gene separates from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Homozygous dominant, heterozygous, homozygous reccesive

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

The physical characteristic

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

Question 13

Punnet Square

Answer 13

The square used to do genetic crosses

Question 14

Dihybrid

Answer 14

the mating of two organisms that are heterozygous for the same two traits
(identical)

Question 15

Test cross

Answer 15

A genetic cross in which a test organism showing the dominant trait is crossed with one showing the recessive trait

used to determine whether the test organism is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

The same

Question 17

Recessive

Answer 17

expresses rare trait / less common

Question 18

Haploid

Answer 18

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

Question 19

Gamete

Answer 19

a male or female reproductive cell, such as a sperm or an egg

Question 20

Fertilization

Answer 20

the union of two gametes

Question 21

Monohybrid

Answer 21

hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes

Question 22

Pedigree

Answer 22

Family tree with genotypes to track different traits

Question 23

Rule of multiplication

Answer 23

When we calculate probabilities involving one event AND another event occurring, we multiply their probabilities

Question 24

Heterozygous

Question 25

Dominant

Question 26

Diploid

Question 27

Autosome

Question 28

Zygote

Question 29

Crossing over

Question 30

Tetrad

Question 31

Codominance

Question 32

Chromosomal mutations

Question 33

Gene mutations

Question 34

Homologous chromosomes

Question 35

Sex linked (traits)

Question 36

Incomplete dominance

Question 37

Multiple alleles

Question 38

Polygenic trait

Question 39

Trait

Question 40

Characteristic

Question 41

Epistasis

Question 42

Carrier