Unit 4 exam study Flashcards
Phylum Arthropoda
Jointed feet, exoskeleton; largest animal phylum
Hemocoel
The functional part of an open circulatory system that serves as the “blood cavity”
Myriapoda
Members of this subphylum all have a head and multi-segmented trunk, with one pair of antennae and one pair of mandibles on their head; included millipedes and centipedes
Hexapoda
Subphylum of insects
Chelicerata
Subphylum that includes arthropods with fangs or pincers
Crustacea
Subphylum which contains lobsters, shrimp, crabs, barnacles, and copepods
Trilobita
All forms of subphylum ____________ are extinct
Mandible
Lower jaw or jawbone; present in all subphylums but Chelicerata
Chelicerae
First pair of appendages; located near the mouth, often modified into pincers or fangs
Chitin
Complex carbohydrate that makes found in the external skeletons of arthropods
Molt
To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one
Ecdysis
Periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
Tagmata; tagma
Prominent body regions in arthropods such as the head, thorax, and abdomen in insects
Metamorphosis
A complete change or transformer
Telson
The unpaired, terminal abdominal segment of crustaceans; the 7th segment of the abdomen; triangular-shaped
Gnathobases
Hard bristles found on the base of walking legs that grind food and force it into the mouth
Pedipalp
Each of the second pair of appendages attached to the cephalothorax of most arachnids and horseshoe crabs. They are variously specialized as pincers in scorpions, sensory organs in spiders, and locomotory organs in horseshoe crabs
Operculum
Gill covering
Chilarium
One of a pair of anatomical processes between the bases of the last pair of walking legs
Lamellae
Leaf-like arrangement of gills; book gills
Hemocyanin
A type of respiratory pigment that uses copper as its oxygen-binding component. Hemocyanin is found in the hemolymph of arthropods and many mollusks
Trilobite larvae
Free-swimming larvae of limulus (horseshoe crabs)
Brachiostegites
The extended part of the carapace forming one wall of the gill chamber in crustaceans
Maxillipeds
“Jaws” that hold food; used for food-getting in crayfish
Swimmerets (pleopods)
One of a series of small unspecialized appendages under the abdomen of many crustaceans that are best developed in some decapods (as a lobster) and usually function in locomotion or reproduction
Serial homology
When similar structures evolve from the same primitive structure; or example: crayfish, cheliped (claws), pereiopods (walking limbs), pleopods (swimming limb), and uropods (2 fins on tail) all evolved from the primitive biramous appendage
Hepatopancreas
One or more pairs of glandular appendages that make up the midgut and contain digestive enzymes
Crustaceans
Segmented body with variable number of appendages and have gills; Crab shrimp, lobster, crayfish, and barnacles; subphylum
Maxillae
One of the head appendages in arthropods
Cephalothorax
Region of a crustacean formed by the fusion of the head with the thorax
Rostrum
A snout-like projection of the head
Pericardial sinus
Cavity that surrounds the heart of the crayfish
Hexapods
Insects - 3 body regions (head: antennae, mandibles; thorax: 3 pairs of walking legs; abdomen: no appendages), most abundant and diverse, herbivores, detrivores, fluid drinkers, predators, scavengers, parasites
Uniramous
Unbranched appendages
Entomology
The scientific study of insects
Scelrites
The exoskeleton formed by a complex system of plates of insects
Malphigian tubules
Blind tubules opening into the hindgut of most insects and functioning primarily as excretory organs
Ocelli
Behind the antennae, in front of the compound eye; the simple eyes; detects the presence of light and what is its intensity, they don’t help in viewing things
Labrum
An upper or anterior mouthpart of an arthropod consisting of a single median piece in front of or above the mandibles
Spiracles
Openings in the exoskeleton of arthropods, such as the grasshopper, that connect to internal cavities called hemocoels where respiratory gases are exchanged
Biramous
Consisting of or having two branches, as the appendages of an arthropod
Jointed appendages
Feature characteristic of arthropods, proving points of attachment for muscle
Metamerism
Concept of developing the body from many similar repeating segments
Triploblastic
Having 3 cell layers: Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
True coelom
A body cavity completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
Bilateral symmetry
Body plan in which only a single, imaginary line can divide the body into 2 equal halves
Cephalization
Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal’s body
Organ system level of organization
The level of organization that considers the 11 systems of they body
Exoskeleton
A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection
Tracheal system
A gas exchange system of branched, chitin-lined tubes that infiltrate the body and carry oxygen directly to cells
Hemolymph
In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues
Telson
Located in the middle of the uropod. Bears the anus and makes up the tail fan which helps it move backwards and forwards; used to right crab when accidentally overturned
Arthropod Subphylums
Crustacea, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Hexapods
Examples of Tagmas
Cephalothorax, Abdomen, Head, Thorax
Hexapod Tagma
Head-Thorax-Abdomen
