Unit 4 Exam Flashcards
What are somatic cells and what goes on with their chromosomes?
they are nonreproductive body cells and have two sets of chromosomes, one from mom, and one from dad
What are gametes and what is up with their chromosomes?
reproductive cells and have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
What happens during the G1 phase?
1st growth, metabolic activity, and checkpoint
What happens during the synthesis phase?
metabolic activity, growth, and DNA synthesis
What happens during G2?
prep for mitosis
What is the mitotic spindle?
microtubules that control chromosome movement
What does a plant cell go through in cytokinesis?
it creates a cell plate and then separates
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
binary fission
What is an example of an internal signal in the cell?
cells will not begin anaphase unless everything is properly aligned
What is a gene’s specific position called?
a locus
What happens in prophase I?
crossing over
What events are unique to meiosis?
synapse and crossing over, alignment of homologous pairs, and separation of homologs to make haploid cells
What three mechanisms contribute to genetic variation?
independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over, random fertilization
What is epistasis?
when one gene affects the phenotype of another due to the interactions of their products
What is polygenic inheritance?
multiple genes independently affect a single trait
what is an example of epistasis?
fur coat in animals where one gene determines the color and the other gene says if the color is shown or not
What does it mean when a gene is multifactorial?
the environment and genotype affects it
What do squares and circles mean in pedigrees?
squares are male and circles are female
