Unit 4 Exam Flashcards
(38 cards)
Match:
Authorized federal injunctions to protect the voting rights of African Americans
Upheld Civil Rights Act of 1866
Ended racial discrimination in the U.S. armed forces
A)
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
B)
Jones v. Mayer
C)
President Harry S. Truman
Authorized federal injunctions to protect the voting rights of African Americans = A
Upheld Civil Rights Act of 1866 = B
Ended racial discrimination in the U.S. armed forces = C
The U.S. Supreme Court’s 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the separate but equal doctrine of racial segregation.
T
The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision prohibits specific discriminatory practices throughout the real estate industry.
F
Match:
Disability
Familial status
Race
Housing
Noneconomic damages
A)
Dwelling that includes any building or part of a building designed for occupancy as a residence by one or more families
B)
One or more individuals under age 18 living with a parent or guardian
C)
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of a person’s major life activities
D)
Humiliation, embarrassment, inconvenience, and mental anguish
E)
Physical traits shared by a group of people with a common national origin
Disability = C
Familial status = B
Race = E
Housing = A
Noneconomic damages = D
As amended, the federal Fair Housing Act provides federal civil rights protections to families with children and people with physical or mental disabilities.
T
Although the federal Fair Housing Act exempts individual homeowners and certain groups, the Civil Rights Act of 1966 prohibits all racial discrimination without exception and was upheld by the Supreme Court in Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Company.
F
Match:
Redlining
Blockbusting
Steering
A) Encouraging someone to sell a home by claiming their property value will go down when a member of a protected class moves next door
B)
Making mortgage loans in specific areas for reasons other than the economic qualifications of the applicants
C)
Channeling homeseekers to particular neighborhoods or discouraging potential buyers from considering some areas
Redlining = B
Blockbusting = A
Steering = C
Steering is the act of encouraging people to sell or rent their homes by claiming that the entry of a protected class of people into the neighborhood will have a negative impact on property values.
F
Asking rental applicants for citizenship documentation or immigration status papers during the screening process violates the Fair Housing Act.
F
Put the steps of the federal fair housing complaint and resolution process in order.
A)
While an investigation is ongoing, HUD can attempt to resolve the dispute informally through conciliation, with the respondent promising to remedy any violation that may have occurred and take steps to eliminate or prevent discriminatory practices in the future.
B)
The aggrieved person has the right to seek relief in an administrative proceeding held before an administrative law judge.
C)
HUD initiates an investigation.
D)
The parties may elect civil action in federal court at any time within two years of the discriminatory act.
E)
A Complaint can be filed with HUD within on year of an alleged act of housing discrimination.
F)
Within 100 days of the filing of a complaint, HUD either determines that reasonable cause exists to bring a charge of illegal discrimination or dismisses the complaint.
E, C, A, F, B, D
Complaints brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1866 are taken to the state court of the state in which the violation occurred.
F
Taken directly to the federal courts
The federal Fair Housing Act is administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
T
Violating fair housing laws has implications for real estate professionals, even when an offense was unintentional. Indicate whether each of the actions below is a violation of fair housing law.
A)
A family that is new to the city asks Broker B for help in finding a condominium within two blocks of a house of worship for their faith. Broker B is happy to comply. Broker B has violated fair housing law.
B)
A recent immigrant to this country needs help to find an affordable apartment. Sales associate M assists the client in finding an apartment in a building that has other recent immigrants in residence. Sales associate M has violated fair housing law.
C)
A home owner asks Broker Q to list the house for sale. Broker Q is asked to find someone who is the same nationality as the home owner, and Broker Q explains that the property will be shown to all financially qualified buyers. Broker Q has violated fair housing law.
D)
Broker T is showing homes to a veteran who is confined to a wheelchair. The client has indicated a willingness to view all homes in a certain price range, but Broker T limits the showings to one-story houses, in deference to the client’s disability. Broker T has violated fair housing law.
True = A, B, D
False = C
A real estate professional who violates fair housing laws risks losing the real estate license and being subject to civil and criminal penalties unless the offense was unintentional.
F
Pay attention to wording
Many states and municipalities have their own fair housing laws.
T
Match:
Jones v. Mayer
Housing for Older Persons Act (HOPA)
steering
blockbusting
disability
ADA
HUD
familial status
Civil Rights Act of 1968
A)
The presence of one or more persons who are under the age of 18, living with a parent or adult guardian
B)
Law repealing requirement that housing for those 55 and older have special facilities for seniors
C)
A law that prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, and national origin
D)
The agency that administers the federal fair housing laws
E)
Law that requires accessibility to employment, goods, and services for individuals with disabilities
F)
Encouraging home seekers to limit their search to particular neighborhoods based on noneconomic factors such as race or religion
G)
A physical or mental impairment
H) Encouraging the sale of property by claiming a protected class of people are moving in and will lower property values
I)
A U.S. Supreme Court decision that prohibits all racial discrimination in housing
Jones v. Mayer = I
Housing for Older Persons Act (HOPA) = B
steering = F
blockbusting = H
disability = G
ADA = E
HUD = D
familial status = A
Civil Rights Act of 1968 = C
In order to be a protected class, religion
A) must be an informal form of worship. B) includes a formal or informal way of worship. C) is the same thing as creed. D) must be a formal form of worship.
Explanation
The answer is includes a formal or informal way of worship. Both formal and informal worship is protected under fair housing.
A real estate appraiser is
A)
subject to appraisal regulations but not fair housing laws.
B)
not required to comply with fair housing laws, but may do so voluntarily.
C)
not subject to the requirements of fair housing laws because all factors must be considered when estimating property value.
D)
subject to the requirements of fair housing laws.
Explanation
The answer is subject to the requirements of fair housing laws. The appraiser may consider factors that affect value, but not any factor based on identification of an individual or individuals protected by fair housing laws.
prospective homebuyer who is African-American asks about the availability of a home in a predominantly white residential neighborhood for which the prospective buyer has been financially qualified. What should the broker say to this prospect?
A)
“You wouldn’t want to live in that area because the neighbors aren’t very friendly.”
B)
“I’d be happy to show you homes in other areas where newcomers are welcome.”
C)
“I’ll be pleased to show you houses in that area.”
D)
“The residents there don’t want the community to become too diverse.”
Explanation
The answer is “I’ll be pleased to show you houses in that area.” The broker must not channel homeseekers toward or away from particular neighborhoods based on race, which would be the illegal practice of steering.
Establishing relationships with community and fair housing groups
A)
while admirable is not a profitable activity for the real estate professional.
B)
has been difficult for the real estate professional to achieve.
C)
to discuss common concerns and find solutions to problems is a worthwhile activity for the real estate professional.
D)
to discuss new opportunities for business is a worthwhile activity for the real estate professional.
Explanation
The answer is to discuss common concerns and find solutions to problems is a worthwhile activity for the real estate professional. Establishing relationships with community and fair housing groups to discuss common concerns and find solutions to problems can provide a real estate professional with an important way to both assess community needs and help fulfill those needs.
A lender’s refusal to lend money to potential homeowners attempting to purchase properties located in particular ethnic neighborhoods is known as
A) prequalifying. B) steering. C) blockbusting. D) redlining.
Explanation
The answer is redlining. Failure to lend or to insure in areas largely populated by a protected group is a violation of the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968. It is redlining.
Under the Fair Housing Act, which action is legally permitted?
A)
Altering the terms of a loan for a member of a protected class
B)
Advertising property for sale only to a special group
C)
Telling a member of a protected class that an apartment has been rented when in fact it has not
D)
Refusing to make a mortgage loan to a member of a protected class because of a poor credit history
Explanation The answer is refusing to make a mortgage loan to a member of a protected class because of a poor credit history. Bad credit can cause anyone to be rejected, even those who are members of protected classes.
Why is the Civil Rights Act of 1866 unique?
A)
It adds welfare recipients as a protected class.
B)
It provides no exceptions that would permit racial discrimination.
C)
It contains “choose your neighbor” provisions.
D)
It has been broadened to protect the aged.
Explanation
The answer is it provides no exceptions that would permit racial discrimination. Unlike other exemptions permitted under the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 allows no exceptions that would permit discrimination on the basis of race.
The 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation in public facilities and the 1954 case that overturned it are
A) Jones v. Mayer and Wells v. State Manufactured Homes. B) Plessy v. Ferguson and Jones v. Mayer. C) Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education. D) Marbury v. Madison and Jones v. Mayer.
Explanation
The answer is Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education. Plessy established the “separate but equal” doctrine, but the Brown decision overturned it by holding that separate schools for black and white students are inherently unconstitutional.
