Unit 4: Evolution

Question 1

What did animals Darwin study?

Answer 1

Finches and Tortoises

Question 2

How do fossils help us with providing evidence for or not for evolution?

Answer 2

They prove similarities and differences between those fossils and organisms today

Question 3

What did Lamarck and Wallace have to do with Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 3

They contributed ideas

Question 4

The idea of descent and modification was the beginning of ______

Answer 4

Darwin’s theory of evolution

Question 5

Parts of an organism that are no longer useful but still remain as part of their anatamy

Answer 5

Vestigial structure

Question 6

Another type of anatomical evidence, where certain characteristics of ancestral organisms that are changed or altered by environmental pressures may have similar structures but different functions.

Answer 6

Homologous structures

Question 7

Found in organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor. These structures arise because of selection pressures from the environment.

Answer 7

Analogous structures

Question 8

The process of evolution that occurs in non-related species that results in very similar adaptions because of similar environmental selection pressures is called ______

Answer 8

Convergent evolution

Question 9

Another two categories of evidence for evolution, found in rocks are ______

Answer 9

fossils records and radioactive decay

Question 10

What does variation within populations do to the survival rate?

Answer 10

It makes those more fit able to survive, such as green beetles can better survive in green grass than brown.

Question 11

____ is a measure of physical adaptions

Answer 11

Fitness

Question 12

Any inherited variation that increases an organism’s chance of survival in a particular environment is called an _______

Answer 12

Adaption

Question 13

The ______ of a population includes all the genes for all the organisms in the population

Answer 13

gene pool

Question 14

Is a smaller and isolated or larger and diverse population more susceptible to change and selection pressures?

Answer 14

Smaller and isolated

Question 15

The two main causes of genetic variation in any gene pool are _____ and ______

Answer 15

Mutation and sexual reproduction

Question 16

How can adaptions occur in an organism?

Answer 16

Physical and behavioral

Question 17

The Ability to copy and look like another organism is ________

Answer 17

Mimicry

Question 18

There are always more offspring produced than can survive. How does this impact organisms?

Answer 18

It is a constant struggle for survival.

Question 19

______ must exist for evolution to exist in a population

Answer 19

Genetic variation

Question 20

_____ is when individuals migrate into or out of the population.

Answer 20

Gene flow

Question 21

_____ is the variation of alleles of a population due to random events, disasters, or unpredictable actions

Answer 21

Genetic drift

Question 22

An example of genetic drift–when a population shifts over time and the alleles in each gene pool will look different than that of the original. A new population will be founded due to genetic drift.

Answer 22

Founder effect

Question 23

Another example of genetic drift–the founder effect causes less variation in the gene pool (reduction in population) because of the genetic drift that occurred. This is called ________

Answer 23

Bottleneck effect

Question 24

When populations change so much that the result is a completely new species that is unable to interbreed with a member from the original population

Answer 24

Speciation

Question 25

_________ are barriers to successful mating that lead to speciation

Answer 25

Reproductive isolation mechanisms

Question 26

What are the three types of reproductive isolation

Answer 26

geographic isolation (location), temporal isolation (time, time of year species mate), behavioral isolation (different reproductive habits or strategies).