unit 4: demographics & changing opulations Flashcards
Clustered distribution
Grouping of settlements around a centre or nucleus
Scattered distribution
Scattered settlements over a large area. Often occurs in rural areas
Linear distribution
Grouping of settlements in a line. Usually along transportation networks, rivers, borders
Population density
Number of people living in an area in relation to the size of that area.
(# of people / occupied area = population density)
Population distribution
The patterns in which people live and spread across a defined area.
High birth rate factors
- Lack of access to education & employment
- Availability of contraceptives
- Cultural norms
(Wide pyramid base=high birth rate)
High death rate factors
- Aging population
- Disease
- Poor access to healthcare
- Violence & crime (wars)
(Narrow pyramid=high death rate)
Low birth rate factors
- Government policies (one-child policy)
- Education & employment for women
- Economic factors (cost of raising kids)
**Causes labor shortages & aging populations
(low birth rate=narrow base)
Low death rate factors
- Access to quality healthcare
- Sanitary environments
(wide pyramid=low death rate)
Census
- Happens every 5 years
- Collect demographic & statistical data
- Purpose is to compile information on the Canadian population
- Mandatory to complete
Short-form census
- Sent to every household
- 10 basic questions (who, age, gender, etc.)
Long-form census
- Sent to 1 in 4 households
- 64 questions
Dependency load
Portion of a population that is not in the labor force and relies on the working-age population for support (under 15 & above 65).
Indigenous population issues
- 81% of Indigenous women in the child welfare system were sexually assaulted
- Many missing/killed Indigenous women
Where do the Indigenous population live?
Reserves: About half the Indigenous population in Canada lives on reserves.
Urban areas: Includes Toronto, Winnipeg
Residential schools
The purpose was to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.
Caused generational trauma.
Reserve
Land set aside by the government for the use and benefit of a specific Indigenous groups.
Constantly has water advisories.
Treaty
Agreements between the government and Indigenous peoples that defines the rights, responsibilities, and relationships between them.
Baby boom
A period of high birth rates that occurred in Canada following World War II. Caused a aging population.
Aging population
The proportion of people aged 65 years and above is increasing at a faster rate than those below that age.
Economic Class Immigrant
Any person attempting to gain entry to Canada on the basis of their own worth or value to the country.
Family Class Immigrants
People attempting to gain entry based on a
relationship to someone already living here .
Refugees
People trying to get in due to danger in their home country (i.e. war, persecution, abuse, racism etc.)
