Unit 4 Definitions Flashcards
Define ‘Bronsted-Lowry Acid’.
Proton donor.
Define ‘order of reaction’.
Power of concentration term (in rate equation).
Define ‘Bronsted-Lowry Base’.
Proton acceptor.
Define ‘pH’.
pH = -log[H+]
What is the ionic product of water?
Kw = [H+][OH-]
Define ‘weak acid’.
Acid that slightly dissociates in aqueous solution.
Define ‘weak base’.
A base that slightly dissociates in aqueous solution.
Define ‘buffer’.
A solution which maintains pH despite the addition of acid or base.
Define ‘chiral carbon’.
A carbon atom with four different groups attached.
Define ‘enantiomer’.
Molecules with a chiral carbon atom that exist as two non-superimposable mirror images.
Define ‘racemic mixture’.
A mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Define ‘nucleophile’.
Electron pair donor.
Define ‘electrophile’.
Electron pair acceptor.
Define ‘stereoisomer’.
A molecule with the same structural formula but with it’s atoms arranged differently in space.
Define ‘retention time’.
The time taken for a particular substance to pass through a chromatography column.
Define ‘enthalpy of formation’.
The enthalpy change when 1 mol of a compound is formed from its elements.
Define ‘ionisation enthalpy’.
The minimum amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mile of atoms in the gaseous state.
Define ‘enthalpy of atomisation’.
The enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of gaseous atoms from the element in its standard state under standard conditions.
Define ‘bond association enthalpy’.
The enthalpy change to break the bond in 1 mol of gaseous molecules to form gaseous molecules.
Define ‘electron affinity’.
Enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms form one mole of gaseous negative ions.
