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Gross Anatomy 1 > Unit 4 Clinical Aspects > Flashcards

Unit 4 Clinical Aspects Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Dyspasia

A
  • Congenital dislocation of the hip
  • More common in females
  • Results in Ligamentous Laxity and Femoral Anteversion/twisting of the femur
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2
Q

Prepatellar Bursitis

A

AKA: Housemaid’s Knee
Caused by friction between the skin and the patella

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3
Q

Suprapatellar Bursitis

A

Causes by bacteria from an abrasion or a pentrating wound

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4
Q

Subcutaneous Bursitis

A

Caused by excessive friction between the skin and the tibial tuburcle

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5
Q

Acquired/Traumatic Dislocation

A
  • Posterior is most common
  • Anterior is rare
  • Anterior dislocation affects the Obturator nerve.
  • Posterior dislocation affects the Sciatic nerve
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6
Q

What nerve is affect with a posterior acquired/traumatic hip dislocation?

A

Sciatic Nerve

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7
Q

What nerve is affect with a anterior acquired/traumatic hip dislocation?

A

Obturator Nerve

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8
Q

What ligaments are affected in an “Unhappy Triad?”

A
  • Medial Collateral Ligament
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  • Medial Meniscus
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9
Q

What the most commonly injured ligament of the knee joint?

A

The Medial Collateral ligament

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10
Q

If large parts of the medial meniscus and even the menisci in general are removed, what clinical condition can be caused?

Hint: forces will be transmitted to the condyles of the tibia, possibly damaging the articular cartilage.

A

Osteoarthritis

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11
Q

An injury that produces a condition in which the tibia can be pulled excessively forward under the femur is referred to as what?

A

Positive Anterior Drawer Test

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12
Q

An injury that produces a condition in which the tibia can be pulled/moved excessively backward under the femur is referred to as what?

A

Positive Posterior Drawer Test

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13
Q

What the heck is Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease?

A

An avulsion injury of the secondary center of ossification of the tibial tuberosity.

Also known as an “Apophyseal Injury” or a “Traction Injury”

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14
Q

How many centers of ossification does the Tibia have?

A

4

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15
Q

An Os Trigonum occurs when a secondary ossification center develops where?

A

The lateral tubercle

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16
Q

What is it called when the lateral tubercle of the talus fails to unite with the body of the talus and ossifies independently?

A

Os Trigonum

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17
Q

Where does a fracture of the talus usually occur, and during what movement?

A

At the neck during sever dorsal flexion of the ankle

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18
Q

Fractures of the calcaneus may disrupt which joint?

A

The Subtalar Joint

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19
Q

Where are stress fractures commonly found?

A
  • Shaft of the Tibia
  • 2, 3, 4 Metatarsals
  • Navicular Bone
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20
Q

What can cause a pathological stress fracture?

A
  • Drugs
  • Osteoporosis
  • Metabolic Disorder
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21
Q

Is trauma (burns, fractures, ER visit stuff) more likely to cause acute or chronic compartement syndrome?

A

Acute Compartement Syndrome

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22
Q

What causes Chronic Compartment Syndrome?

A

Exercise

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23
Q

Which compartments of the leg are most frequently affected from cronic compartment syndrome?

A

Anterior and Deep Posterior

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24
Q

A patient presents with aching, squeezing, or sharp pain in the anterior part of the leg, but says it goes away when they stop what they are doing. This is most likely what?

A

Chronic Compartment Syndrome (AKA: External Compartment Syndrome)

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25
Q

Pain along the tibia that usually involves the tibialis anterior is refered to as what?

A

Shin Splints or Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

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26
Q

What term is used to describe compression neuropathy of the deep fibular nerve at the tibia?

A

Ski Boot Syndrome

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27
Q

Sensory loss of the deep fibular nerve will cause loss of sensation in which part of the foot? Be specific.

A

The web space between digits 1 & 2

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28
Q

Motor loss of the deep fibular nerve will cause what?

A
  • Loss of dorsal flexion of the foot
  • Loss of toe extension
  • Diminished INversion of the foot
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29
Q

An ankle spain can cause a traction injury of which nerve?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

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30
Q

Do humans walk more inverted or everted? Which muscles contribute to this?

A
  • Everted
  • Fibularis Longus & Brevis
31
Q

What type of bone is a fabella? Where is it found?

A
  • Sesamoid Bone
  • The lateral head of the gastrocnemius and it articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur (the posterior knee)
32
Q

Which joint is involved in a high ankle sprain?

A

The Inferior Tibiofibular Joint

33
Q

The Calcaneal Tendon Reflex tests for segmental innervation of what nerves?

A

S1 & S2

34
Q

Damage to the tibial nerve can cause what issues?

A
  • Unable to flex/bend toes
  • Weakened plantar flexion
  • Weakened inversion of the foot
35
Q

An occlusive peripheral artery disease characterized by painful leg cramps which develop during walking and disappear with rest is known as what?

A

Intermittent Claudication

36
Q

Which ligament is the most vulnerbale to ankle sprains? Which ligament may also be damaged (the second most damaged)?

A

The Anterior Talofibular Ligament is the most vulnerable but the Calcaneofibular ligmanet can also be damaged.

37
Q

Is an ankle sprain more commonly an INversion or EVersion type of injury?

A

Inversion

38
Q

Where does a high ankle sprain occur?

A

The Inferior Talofibular Joint

39
Q

What clinical term do we call a fracture that occurs when the foot is forcibly everted (externally rotated)?

A

A Pott’s Fracture

40
Q

What 3 things can a Pott’s Fracture cause?

A
  • Tear of the deltoid ligament
  • Fracture of the shaft of the fibula
  • Fracture of the lateral malleolus
41
Q

“First Step Pain” is usually associated with what clinical condition?

A

Plantar Fasciitis?

42
Q

Patients who experience plantar fasciitis will complain of pain at what part of the calcaneous?

A

The medial aspect of the calcaneous.

43
Q

An overuse injury that causes pain on the medial aspect of the calcaneus and along the medial longitudinal arch is refered to as what clinical name?

A

Plantar Fasciitis

44
Q

Which nerves does the plantar nerve reflex test for?

A

L4, L5, S1, S2

45
Q

Which nerves are involved in Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

A
  • Tibial Nerve
  • Medial Plantar Nerve
46
Q

Which nerves do the Babinski Response test for?

A

L4, L5, S1, S2

47
Q

A positive babinski response abducts digits ____ and extends digit ____.

A
  • Abducts digits 2 - 5
  • Extends digit 1
48
Q

Morton’s Neuroma usually affects which nerves?

A

Nerves in the spaces between digits 3 & 4

49
Q

Hallux Valgus is characterized by lateral deviation of which joint?

A

The MP joint of digit 1

50
Q

What is hallux rigidis?

A

Where a sesamoid bone gets stuck between the heads of the 1st and 2nd metatarsals, causing the joint to “lock”

51
Q

What is a bunion?

A

Growth of new bone over the medial aspect of the 1st metatarsal, causing the surrounding soft tissue to swell

52
Q

What is a corn…other than a tasty vegetable?

A

A callus; a thickening of the keratin layer of the skin

53
Q

Hammer Toe is a common deformity of which digits?

A

Digits 2 & 3

54
Q

What happens to cause hammertoe?

A
  • The MP & DIP joints are hyperextended
  • The PIP joint is flexed
55
Q

Turf Toe is a hyperextension injury at the ___ joint of digit ___.

A

MP joint of digit 1

56
Q

Which ligament is damaged from turf toe?

A

The Plantar Capsular Ligament

57
Q

What bone is affected by club foot?

A

The talus bone

It is usually malformed, leading to shortening and contracture of muscles and ligaments.

58
Q

What term is used for someone with a normal foot and normal arches?

A

Pes Rectus

59
Q

A foot where the medial longitudinal arch becomes depressed and collapses is refered to as what?

A

Pes Planus

60
Q

What clinical term is used to describe flat feet?

A

Pes Planus

61
Q

Name the clinical term where the foot arch is lacking during weight bearing but appears normal when not weight bearing.

A

Flexible Flat Foot

62
Q

What do we call a foot that lacks an arch when both weight bearing and not weight bearing?

A

Rigid Flat Foot

63
Q

What is acquired flat foot? (AKA: Fallen Arches)

A

A clinical term for a consequence of damaging a ligament (spring ligament) or atrophy of a muscle (tibialis posterior).

64
Q

Are fallen arches more common in younger or older people?

A

Older People dur to weight gain or arthritis

65
Q

What do we call a condition in which the medial longitudinal is uniquely high? (Name both terms).

A
  • Pes Cavus
  • Clawfoot
66
Q

Which of the following does the image show?
A. Pes Rectus
B. Pes Planus
C. Pes Cavus

A

A. Pes Rectus

67
Q

Which of the following does the image show?
A. Pes Rectus
B. Pes Planus
C. Pes Cavus

A

B. Pes Planus

68
Q

Which of the following does the image show?
A. Pes Rectus
B. Pes Planus
C. Pes Cavus

A

C. Pes Cavus

69
Q

What condition may lead to the formation of a bunion?

A

Hallux Valgus

70
Q

A bumper fracture is commonly found in which bone?

A

The tibia

71
Q

What is the clinical term for a compoun fracture that is common from direct trauma?

A

Bumper Fracture

72
Q

A fracture of the fibula may damage which nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve

73
Q

Where is the fibula commonly fractured?

A

Just proximal to the lateral malleolus or distal to the head of the fibula

74
Q

What artery is involved in peripheral arterial disease?

AKA: Intermittent Claudication

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

Gross Anatomy 1 (10 decks)

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