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Chemistry > Unit 4- Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Unit 4- Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

On the Ph scale what number are acids and what colour are they

A

0-6
Red to yellow

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2
Q

On the Ph scale what number is neutral and what colours is it

A

7 - green

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3
Q

On Ph scale what number and colour is alkalis

A

8-14
Blue to purple

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4
Q

How do you measure Ph of a solution

A

Use an indicator will change colour depending on whether it’s above or below a certain Ph.

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5
Q

What is the relation between acid and bases

A

They neutralise each other

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6
Q

What is a base

A

Substance that will react with an acid to form a salt

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7
Q

Equipment you will find in a titration experiment

A

Burette, conical flask with methyl orange, pipette

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8
Q

What colour will phenolphthalein turn

A

Pink in alkali
Colourless in acid

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9
Q

What colour will methyl orange turn

A

Red in acid
Yellow in alkali

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10
Q

What colour will litmus turn

A

Red in acid
Blue in alkali

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11
Q

What does a acid and metal oxide make

A

Salt and water

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12
Q

What does salt and metal hydroxide make

A

Salt and water

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13
Q

What do acids produce in water

A

Protons

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14
Q

What type of reaction the ionisation of a weak acid

A

Reversible, equilibrium lies go the left

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15
Q

What happens with weak acids in solution

A

Don’t fully ionise, only small portion release H ions

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16
Q

What happens with strong acids in water

A

Ionise completely, dissociate to realise H ions

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17
Q

For metals how is their reactivity determined

A

How easily they lose electrons forming positive ions

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18
Q

What is the relativity series in order

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper

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19
Q

What does acid and metal make

A

Salt and hydrogen

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20
Q

What is oxidation

A

gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
Negatively charged ions lose electrons at the Anode

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21
Q

What is reduction

A

Positively charged ions gain electrons at the cathode
loss of oxygen or gain or hydrogen

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22
Q

What is a redox reaction

A

If electrons are transferred

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23
Q

What is electrolysis

A

Splitting up compounds with electricity to form elements

24
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

A liquid or solution that conduct electricity

25
Q

What does electrolysis of molton ionic solids form

A

An element

26
Q

What is the positive electrode

A

Anode

27
Q

What is the negative electrode

A

Cathode

28
Q

Which electrode does positive metals go

A

Reduced at the cathode

29
Q

Which electrode do non metal ions go

A

Oxidised at the anode

30
Q

Why can ionic compound not undergo electrolysis

A

Because the ions are in fixed positions and can’t move

31
Q

Why is hydrogen chloride a gas at room temperature

A

Weak intermolecular forces

32
Q

What is an intermolecular force

A

Strong attractive force

33
Q

What is activation energy

A

Minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

34
Q

What does bond energy mean

A

Energy needed to break mole of particular bond

35
Q

Differences between the nuclear and plum pudding model

A

Plum pudding there is no empty spaces
Electrons orbit the nucleus in nuclear model
Mass of atom is in centre in plum pudding / evenly distributed in nuclear model

36
Q

Why does graphite conduct electricity

A

Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bond one atom is delocalised and these electrons carry charge through graphite

37
Q

Explain why hydrogen chloride is a gas at room temperature

A

Hydrogen chloride is simple molecular so has weak intermolecular forces therefore requiring little energy to overcome

38
Q

Explain why you would not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at room temp

A

Titanium chloride is ionic and metal chlorides have high melting points because they have strong electrostatic forces between ions

39
Q

Explain why an acid can be both strong and dilute

A

Strong because completely ionised
Dilute because small amount of acid per unit volume

40
Q

Why should you use a polystyrene cup rather than a glass beaker

A

Polystyrene is a better insulator so reduced energy exchange with surroundings

41
Q

What two substances out of diamond, magnesium, polythene, sodium chloride and water have intermolecular forces

A

Water and polyethene

42
Q

What electrode do metals go to

A

Cathode

43
Q

What electrode does hydrogen go to

A

Cathode

44
Q

What does inert mean

A

Unreactive

45
Q

What element is used to reduce metal oxides and make pure metals

A

Carbon

46
Q

Acid + metal —>

A

Salt + hydrogen

47
Q

Acid + metal carbonate —>

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

48
Q

What do aqueous solutions of alkali contain

A

OH ions

49
Q

what happens to the ions in an ionic compound when melted or dissolved in water

A

The ions become free to move allowing them to conduct electricity

50
Q

What ions are discharged to produce oxygen at the positive electrode

A

Hydroxide ions (H plus and OH minus)

51
Q

Advantages of hydrogen fuel cells

A

No toxic chemicals to dispose at the end of cell life
No loss of efficiency over time
You can travel further before refuelling

52
Q

Disadvantages of extraction of metals using electrolysis

A

Very expensive because it requires a lot of energy and electricity

53
Q

When extracting metals when should you use electrolysis

A

If metal is more reactive than carbon

54
Q

What can metals be mixed with to lower melting point so they are ready for process of electrolysis

A

Cryolite, making it easier to melt and reducing the energy required for the electrolysis process

55
Q

Equation linking moles
Concentration and volume

A

Moles =concentration x volume

Chemistry (7 decks)

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