Unit 4 Ch 13 lecture Flashcards

brain, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system, special senses

1
Q

What are the differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres with
respect to their general functions?

A

the right and left hemispheres control their opposite side of the body. (contralateral innervation)

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2
Q

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

A

connects the left and right hemispheres

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3
Q

what are the functions of the frontal lobe

A

center for personality, planning, and understanding of consequences

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4
Q

what are the functions of the parietal lobe

A

sensory perception, taste, vision, somatosensory sensations (touch, pain, stretch)

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5
Q

what are the functions of the temporal lobe

A

hearing, smell, learning, memory, visual recognition, and emotional behavior

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6
Q

what are the functions of the occipital lobe

A

visual center of brain

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7
Q

what are the functions of the insula

A

plays roles in memory and taste

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8
Q

what is the function of the primary motor cortex

A

determines the direction of movement

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9
Q

what is the function of motor speech area

A

speech and language processing

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10
Q

what are the functions of the frontal eye field

A

control of visual attention and eye movements

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11
Q

what are the functions of the primary somatosensory cortex

A

where info like pain, touch, temp., and pressure arrive

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12
Q

what are the functions of the primary visual cortex

A

receives and processes INCOMING visual information

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13
Q

what are the functions of the primary auditory cortex

A

receives and processes auditory information

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14
Q

what are the functions of the Primary olfactory cortex

A

provides conscious awareness of smell

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15
Q

what are the functions of the Primary gustatory cortex

A

(located in insula) processes taste information

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16
Q

what is cerebral lateralization

A

describes the functional differences b/w the left and right cerebral hemispheres

17
Q

what are the functions of the left and right hemispheres

A

left: known for logic, math, and language skills
right: art and emotional skills

18
Q

Describe the functions of the pineal gland and how it relates to the circadian rhythm

A

secretes melatonin to control when we sleep and wake up (circadian rhythm)

19
Q

Describe the action of the thalamus on sensory information.

A

filters out unimportant sensory information so the primary somatosensory cortex isn’t overloaded with stimuli

20
Q

Describe the basic functions of the hypothalamus.

A

controls endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, regulates body temperature, controls emotional behavior, food and water intake, regulates sleep-wake cycle

21
Q

what is the basic function of the Substantia nigra

A

produces dopamine
dopamine can effect control of movement, emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain

22
Q

what are the involuntary actions produced by the superior colliculi

A

visual reflexes

23
Q

what are the involuntary actions produced by the inferior colliculi

A

auditory reflexes

24
Q

what is the respiratory center located in the pons

A

the pontine respiratory center is responsible for the skeletal muscles of breathing

25
what are the autonomic centers of the medulla and what do they control
cardiac center: regulates heart rate, and strength of contraction vasomotor center: controls blood pressure by controlling diameter of blood vessels medullary respiratory center: regulates respiratory rate
26
what are the functions of the cerebellum
- ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern so movement is smooth. - Stores previously learned motor skills. - Maintains muscle tone and posture. - keep the body upright.
27
what is the main function of the limbic system
learning memory and emotion
28
Describe the actions of the different structures found within the limbic system: a. Parahippocampal gyrus b. Amygdaloid body c. Olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, and olfactory cortex
Parahippocampal gyrus: memory encoding and retrieval Amygdaloid body: processing center for emotions Olfactory bulbs: relay station of the olfactory pathway and contains olfactory glomeruli olfactory tracts: creates a direct connection between the sensory output from the olfactory neurons and the olfactory cortex olfactory cortex: processing and perception of odor
29
what are the components and functions of reticular formation
has motor and sensory (reticular activating system) components, regulates resting muscle tone, respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate
30
How is the reticular activating system (RAS) related to the reticular formation?
the RAS is part of the sensory component of the reticular formation
31
where in the brain does cognition occur
the cortex
32
what part of the brain controls short term memory
prefrontal cortex
33
what part of the brain controls long term memory
the hippocampus
34
what regions of the limbic system convert short term memory to long term memory
the amygdala