Unit 4 Ch 13 lecture

Question 1

What are the differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres with
respect to their general functions?

Answer 1

the right and left hemispheres control their opposite side of the body. (contralateral innervation)

Question 2

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

Answer 2

connects the left and right hemispheres

Question 3

what are the functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 3

center for personality, planning, and understanding of consequences

Question 4

what are the functions of the parietal lobe

Answer 4

sensory perception, taste, vision, somatosensory sensations (touch, pain, stretch)

Question 5

what are the functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 5

hearing, smell, learning, memory, visual recognition, and emotional behavior

Question 6

what are the functions of the occipital lobe

Answer 6

visual center of brain

Question 7

what are the functions of the insula

Answer 7

plays roles in memory and taste

Question 8

what is the function of the primary motor cortex

Answer 8

determines the direction of movement

Question 9

what is the function of motor speech area

Answer 9

speech and language processing

Question 10

what are the functions of the frontal eye field

Answer 10

control of visual attention and eye movements

Question 11

what are the functions of the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 11

where info like pain, touch, temp., and pressure arrive

Question 12

what are the functions of the primary visual cortex

Answer 12

receives and processes INCOMING visual information

Question 13

what are the functions of the primary auditory cortex

Answer 13

receives and processes auditory information

Question 14

what are the functions of the Primary olfactory cortex

Answer 14

provides conscious awareness of smell

Question 15

what are the functions of the Primary gustatory cortex

Answer 15

(located in insula) processes taste information

Question 16

what is cerebral lateralization

Answer 16

describes the functional differences b/w the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

what are the functions of the left and right hemispheres

Answer 17

left: known for logic, math, and language skills
right: art and emotional skills

Question 18

Describe the functions of the pineal gland and how it relates to the circadian rhythm

Answer 18

secretes melatonin to control when we sleep and wake up (circadian rhythm)

Question 19

Describe the action of the thalamus on sensory information.

Answer 19

filters out unimportant sensory information so the primary somatosensory cortex isn’t overloaded with stimuli

Question 20

Describe the basic functions of the hypothalamus.

Answer 20

controls endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, regulates body temperature, controls emotional behavior, food and water intake, regulates sleep-wake cycle

Question 21

what is the basic function of the Substantia nigra

Answer 21

produces dopamine
dopamine can effect control of movement, emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain

Question 22

what are the involuntary actions produced by the superior colliculi

Answer 22

visual reflexes

Question 23

what are the involuntary actions produced by the inferior colliculi

Answer 23

auditory reflexes

Question 24

what is the respiratory center located in the pons

Answer 24

the pontine respiratory center is responsible for the skeletal muscles of breathing

Question 25

what are the autonomic centers of the medulla and what do they control

Answer 25

cardiac center: regulates heart rate, and strength of contraction
vasomotor center: controls blood pressure by controlling diameter of blood vessels
medullary respiratory center: regulates respiratory rate

Question 26

what are the functions of the cerebellum

Answer 26

• ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern so movement is smooth.
• Stores previously learned motor skills.
• Maintains muscle tone and posture.
• keep the body upright.

Question 27

what is the main function of the limbic system

Answer 27

learning memory and emotion

Question 28

Describe the actions of the different structures found within the limbic system:
a. Parahippocampal gyrus
b. Amygdaloid body
c. Olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, and olfactory cortex

Answer 28

Parahippocampal gyrus: memory encoding and retrieval
Amygdaloid body: processing center for emotions
Olfactory bulbs: relay station of the olfactory pathway and contains olfactory glomeruli
olfactory tracts: creates a direct connection between the sensory output from the olfactory neurons and the olfactory cortex
olfactory cortex: processing and perception of odor

Question 29

what are the components and functions of reticular formation

Answer 29

has motor and sensory (reticular activating system) components, regulates resting muscle tone, respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate

Question 30

How is the reticular activating system (RAS) related to the reticular formation?

Answer 30

the RAS is part of the sensory component of the reticular formation

Question 31

where in the brain does cognition occur

Answer 31

the cortex

Question 32

what part of the brain controls short term memory

Answer 32

prefrontal cortex

Question 33

what part of the brain controls long term memory

Answer 33

the hippocampus

Question 34

what regions of the limbic system convert short term memory to long term memory

Answer 34

the amygdala