Unit 4 Ch 13 lecture Flashcards
brain, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system, special senses
What are the differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres with
respect to their general functions?
the right and left hemispheres control their opposite side of the body. (contralateral innervation)
What is the role of the corpus callosum?
connects the left and right hemispheres
what are the functions of the frontal lobe
center for personality, planning, and understanding of consequences
what are the functions of the parietal lobe
sensory perception, taste, vision, somatosensory sensations (touch, pain, stretch)
what are the functions of the temporal lobe
hearing, smell, learning, memory, visual recognition, and emotional behavior
what are the functions of the occipital lobe
visual center of brain
what are the functions of the insula
plays roles in memory and taste
what is the function of the primary motor cortex
determines the direction of movement
what is the function of motor speech area
speech and language processing
what are the functions of the frontal eye field
control of visual attention and eye movements
what are the functions of the primary somatosensory cortex
where info like pain, touch, temp., and pressure arrive
what are the functions of the primary visual cortex
receives and processes INCOMING visual information
what are the functions of the primary auditory cortex
receives and processes auditory information
what are the functions of the Primary olfactory cortex
provides conscious awareness of smell
what are the functions of the Primary gustatory cortex
(located in insula) processes taste information
what is cerebral lateralization
describes the functional differences b/w the left and right cerebral hemispheres
what are the functions of the left and right hemispheres
left: known for logic, math, and language skills
right: art and emotional skills
Describe the functions of the pineal gland and how it relates to the circadian rhythm
secretes melatonin to control when we sleep and wake up (circadian rhythm)
Describe the action of the thalamus on sensory information.
filters out unimportant sensory information so the primary somatosensory cortex isn’t overloaded with stimuli
Describe the basic functions of the hypothalamus.
controls endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, regulates body temperature, controls emotional behavior, food and water intake, regulates sleep-wake cycle
what is the basic function of the Substantia nigra
produces dopamine
dopamine can effect control of movement, emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain
what are the involuntary actions produced by the superior colliculi
visual reflexes
what are the involuntary actions produced by the inferior colliculi
auditory reflexes
what is the respiratory center located in the pons
the pontine respiratory center is responsible for the skeletal muscles of breathing
what are the autonomic centers of the medulla and what do they control
cardiac center: regulates heart rate, and strength of contraction
vasomotor center: controls blood pressure by controlling diameter of blood vessels
medullary respiratory center: regulates respiratory rate
what are the functions of the cerebellum
- ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern so movement is smooth.
- Stores previously learned motor skills.
- Maintains muscle tone and posture.
- keep the body upright.
what is the main function of the limbic system
learning memory and emotion
Describe the actions of the different structures found within the limbic system:
a. Parahippocampal gyrus
b. Amygdaloid body
c. Olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, and olfactory cortex
Parahippocampal gyrus: memory encoding and retrieval
Amygdaloid body: processing center for emotions
Olfactory bulbs: relay station of the olfactory pathway and contains olfactory glomeruli
olfactory tracts: creates a direct connection between the sensory output from the olfactory neurons and the olfactory cortex
olfactory cortex: processing and perception of odor
what are the components and functions of reticular formation
has motor and sensory (reticular activating system) components, regulates resting muscle tone, respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate
How is the reticular activating system (RAS) related to the reticular formation?
the RAS is part of the sensory component of the reticular formation
where in the brain does cognition occur
the cortex
what part of the brain controls short term memory
prefrontal cortex
what part of the brain controls long term memory
the hippocampus
what regions of the limbic system convert short term memory to long term memory
the amygdala
