Unit 4 - Bonding

Question 1

Ionic Bond

Answer 1

Metals GIVE electrons, Nonmetals TAKE electrons

Question 2

Naming Ionic Bonds

Answer 2

State the name of the metal followed by the nonmetal with the ending changed to “ide”. If the metal is a transition metal, add a (Roman numeral). AlCl₃ = Aluminum Chloride CuCl₃ = Copper (III) Chloride

Question 3

Writing Formulas for Ionic Bonds

Answer 3

Absolute Value Criss Cross Oxidation #’s

Question 4

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 4

A group of atoms that acts like an ion (has a charge)

Question 5

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Answer 5

Crystalline Structure High Melting Point Rigid Strong Bond Conduct Electricity (when dissolved or melted) Good Insulators

Question 6

Covalent/Molecular Bonding

Answer 6

Nonmetals SHARE electrons

Question 7

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 7

Attractive forces BETWEEN molecules.

Van Der Waals or London Dispersion Forces are the weakest type of intermolecular force and hydrogen bonds are the strongest.

Question 8

Intramolecular Forces

Answer 8

Attractive forces WITHIN a molecule (Ionic & Covalent Bonds)

These bonds are stronger than intermolecular forces.

Question 9

Polar Covalent

Answer 9

A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally. Because of this, one end of the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge.

Question 10

Non Polar Covalent

Answer 10

A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared equally.

Question 11

Naming Covalent Compunds

Answer 11

You DO NOT use the “criss-cross” method. Use prefixes. The only time you do not use a prefix is when there is only one of the first nonmetal. Remember : 1-Mono 2-Di etc…

Question 12

Write the formula for Mg²⁺ and PO₄³⁻

Answer 12

Using the criss-cross method and subscripts to insure sum of charges is zero: Mg₃(PO₄)₂

Question 13

Polyatomic Ionic Formulas

Answer 13

1. Metal written first, Polyatomic Ion is written second 2. Use criss-cross method and subscripts to insure sum of charges = 0 3. When using a subscript for polyatomic ions: place a parentheses around the polyatomic formula, put the subscript outside of the parentheses

Question 14

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 14

Polyatomic Ions ions made up of more than one atom; acts as an individual ion in a compound; charge applies to entire group of atoms.

Question 15

Ionic Compounds

Answer 15

two words, first names cation second names anion. Indicate charge of transition metal cation by Roman Numeral. MgCl₂ = Magnesium Chloride Cr(NO₃)₃ = Chromium(III) Nitrate SnCl₂ = Tin(II) Chloride

Question 16

Anions

Answer 16

Anions are named by adding the suffix -ide to the stem of the name of the nonmetal from which they are derived. N³⁻ = Nitride O²⁻ = Oxide F⁻ = Flouride

Question 17

Ionic Compound Formulas

Answer 17

1. Metal written first Nonmetal written second 2. Use criss-cross method and subscripts to insure sum of charges = 0

Question 18

Oxidation Number

Answer 18

Ion Charge - number of electrons transferred to or away from an atom when it becomes an ion.

Question 19

Greek Prefixes used in nomenclature 1= 2 = 3 = 4= 5 = 6= 7= 8= 9= 10=

Answer 19

1= mono 2 =di 3 =tri 4=tetra 5 = penta 6=hexa 7=hepta 8=octa 9=nona 10=deca

Question 20

Covalent or Molecular Compounds (Molecules)

Answer 20

The first word gives name of the element that appears first preceded by a prefix that shows number of atoms in that element. Do NOT use the prefix mono before the name of the first element. The second word consists of a prefix designating the number of atoms of that element, the stem name of the second element, and the suffix -ide.

Question 21

(Oxidation #) Charge of Group17 or 7A (F, Cl, Br, I)

Answer 21

Charge: 1-

Question 22

(Oxidation #) Charge of Group 16 or 6A (O,S, Se, Te):

Answer 22

Charge: 2-

Question 23

Charge of Group15 or 5A (N, P, As):

Answer 23

Charge = 3-

Question 24

(Oxidation #) Charge of Group 2 or 2A (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba):

Answer 24

Charge = 2+

Question 25

(Oxidation #) Charge of Group 1 or 1A (H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs):

Answer 25

Charge = 1+

Question 26

Ionic Compounds

Answer 26

Conduct Electricity when melted or dissolved in water because….

Question 27

Cation Formation

Answer 27

Metals give electrons to become like the nearest noble gas.

Question 28

Anion Formation

Answer 28

Nonmetals recieve electrons when forming an ionic compound so that their electron configuration will be like the nearest noble gas.

Question 29

Compound Formation

Answer 29

Compounds are the result of the formation of chemical bonds between two or more different elements, whose atoms lose, gain or share valence electrons to complete their outer shell and attain a noble gas configuration.

This tendency of atoms to have eight electrons in their outer shell is known as the octet rule.