Unit 4: Assessing Older Adults, Assessing Eyes and Ears, Male Reproductive, and Female Reproductive

Question 1

loss of f(x), strength, and physiologic reserve that leaves the elderly vulnerable to sickness and death. cognitive impairment, depression. decline in mobility, endurance, nutrition. weakness and fatigue.

Answer 1

frailty

Question 2

loss of elasticity, age spots, skin tags, dry or fragile skin, wrinkles, hair loss and/or thinning.

Answer 2

changes that come with age

Question 3

urinates, reproduces, composed of shaft, glans, and frenulum (foreskin).

Answer 3

penis

Question 4

male external genitalia

Answer 4

penis and scrotum

Question 5

thin-walled sac, sweat and sebaceous glands, rugae, cremaster. f(x): protective covering for testes, epididymis, vas deferens; maintains temperature necessary for sperm production.

Answer 5

scrotum

Question 6

T or F? the male external genitalia consists of the penis and testes.

Answer 6

false, it consists of the the penis and scrotum

Question 7

testes, spermatic cord, epididymis, vas deferens, and prostate

Answer 7

internal genitalia

Question 8

suspend testes in scrotum, contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, vas deferens.

Answer 8

spermatic cord

Question 9

pair, ovoid in shape, f(x): produce spermatozoa and testosterone

Answer 9

testes

Question 10

comma-shaped, coiled, tubular structure, upper and posterior surface of testes. f(x): spermatozoa mature inside.

Answer 10

epididymis

Question 11

firm, muscular tube continuous with lower portion of epididymis, travels up into inguinal canal. provides passageway for sperm to leave body, secretes part of semen.

Answer 11

vas deferens

Question 12

surrounds neck of bladder and urethra, two lobes separated by shallow groove, secretes thin, milky substance for sperm motility; neutralizes female acidic vaginal secretions. seminal vesicles: produces ejaculate that nourishes and protects sperm. cowper (bulbourethral) glands

Answer 12

prostate

Question 13

vulva, symphysis pubis, prepuce, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, urethral meatus, skere glands, vaginal orifice, hymen, bartholin glands, and sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

Answer 13

female external genitalia

Question 14

female internal genitalia

Answer 14

vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube, and ovaries

Question 15

four-layered wall, acidic environment, f(x): passage pf menstrual flow, intercourse, birth canal

Answer 15

vagina

Question 16

internal and external os, transformational zone, f(x): allows sperm to enter uterus, prevents vaginal bacteria from entering uterus.

Answer 16

cervix

Question 17

corpus (fundus, body, isthmus), cervix, usually in forward position above bladder, layers-endometrium, myometrium, peritoneum, cul-de-sac of douglas.

Answer 17

uterus

Question 18

fimbrae near ovaries, enter uterus just below fundus, f(x): provides passage of ova from ovaries to uterus.

Answer 18

fallopian tube

Question 19

connected to uterus by ovarian ligament. f(x): develop and release ova, produce estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.

Answer 19

ovaries

Question 20

composed of glandular, fibrous and fatty tissue. produce and store breastmilk, aid in sexual stimulation

Answer 20

breast internal anatomy

Question 21

T or F? scrotum enlarges with age, penis gets smaller, testes hang lower

Answer 21

true

Question 22

HPV infection identified as definite human carcinogen, third most common female malignancy, slow developing, preceded by precancerous stage of dysplasia, easily diagnosed with pap smear, carcinoma in situ: noninvasive, 100% treatable in dysplasia stage

Answer 22

cervical cancer

Question 23

aged 21-65 must get pap smear every 3-5 years, for HPV aged 30-65 every 5 years, older than 65 without adequate screening (three consecutive negative tests or two negative tests within 10 years prior to stopping screening) and otherwise at high risk

Answer 23

cervical cancer

Question 24

what does peau d’orange indicate

Answer 24

breast cancer

Question 25

looks swollen, pepperoni-like

Answer 25

paget disease

Question 26

peau d'orange, paget disease, retracted nipple, dimpling, retracted tissue, mastitis, and mastectomy

Answer 26

breast abnormalities, inspection

Question 27

cancerous tumors, fibroadenomas, benign breast disease

Answer 27

breast abnormalities, palpation

Question 28

swollen and inflamed veins in lower rectum and anus, internal: inside rectum, external: under skin around anus, causes: straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, sitting for long periods on toilet, chronic constipation or diarrhea, obesity, anal intercourse, low-fiber diet.

Answer 28

hemorrhoids

Question 29

symptoms: painless bleeding during bowel movements, itching or irritation, pain, discomfort, swelling in anal region, lump near anus, leakage of feces.

Answer 29

hemorrhoids

Question 30

screening:none recommended, risk assessment: more prevalent between 45-65 years of age, associated with conditions that increase pressure in hemorrhoidal venous plexus.

Answer 30

hemorrhoids

Question 31

seek emergency care if experience large amounts of rectal bleeding, lightheadedness, dizziness, or faintness or extreme pain. avoid straining with bowel movements, standing or sitting for prolonged periods, especially sitting on toilet, and attempt to have bowel movement as soon as feeling occurs.

Answer 31

client education, hemorrhoids

Question 32

third common cancer diagnosis in the U.S., originates in large intestine or rectum, beginning as polyp, early detection improves treatment results, screening as per the USPSTF: start at age 50 years, continue until age 75, using fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, or colonscopy, not recommended for adults aged 76-85 unless never screened

Answer 32

colorectal cancer

Question 33

starting at age 50 at average risk screened by one of following: flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, colonoscopy every 10 years, double-contrast barium enema every 5 years , and CT colonography every 5 years. other recommended tests: guaiac-based fecal blood test every year, fecal immunochemical test every year, or stool DNA every 3 years.

Answer 33

colorectal cancer screening per ACS

Question 34

older age, especially after 50, african american or eastern european descent, especially Ashkenazi Jews, having inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn or ulcerative colitis), personal history of colorectal polyps or CRC, family history of colorectal polyps or CRC, certain genetic syndromes: familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome). having type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Answer 34

colorectal cancer risks

Question 35

being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, diet high in red meat and processed meat; cooking meat at temperature, diet low in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, smoking, alcohol use, HPV, night shift work, and previous treatment for prostate (risk for colorectal) or testicular cancer (risk for rectal).

Answer 35

colorectal cancer-modifiable risks

Question 36

how do you position a pt during breast self examination?

Answer 36

lying down

Question 37

lie down, place right arm behind head, and use finger pads of the three middle fingers on your left hand to feel for lumps in the right breast, use overlapping.

Answer 37

breast self-examination

Question 38

this type of pressure is used to feel for tissue closest to the skin

Answer 38

light

Question 39

firm pressure is used when

Answer 39

feeling for tissue closest to the chest and ribs

Question 40

to feel a little deeper

Answer 40

medium pressure

Question 41

T or F? it is normal to feel a firm ridge in lower curve of each breast

Answer 41

true