Unit 4: America AOS 1 Flashcards
Be able to answer a document or graphic effectively and succinctly.
Who said “More British than the British”
Gordon Wood
Who said “No trace of impatience”
Gordon Wood
Who said “Proud to be British”
Adcock
What is John Adam’s quote?
“The revolution was in the minds of the people”
What are the statistics on land ownership? Which historian posited this?
Boston’s richest 5% owned 49% and the poorest 50% owned 5%. (Raphael).
What was the distribution of wealth in 1763?
10% of taxpayers owned 75% of wealth.
Who said “Customs Officials have made a very lucrative job of shutting their eyes.”
The Governor of Rhode Island.
By how much did British profits from America rise?
From £534,000 to £1,177,000.
What was the debt of the British?
130 million pounds.
What did Friedenberg say?
“The rage transformed itself into a colony [who] were united in revolution”
When was the Sugar Act?
April 1764.
What were Writs of Assistance?
Writs of assistance were general search warrants with no expiry date, allowing customs officials to enter the premises suspected to contain smuggled goods.
How many merchants did James Otis represent?
63 Merchants.
What did James Otis argue about writs of assistance?
The writs were “against the principles of law”.
What is the quote by Findling & Thackery?
“Parliament deliberately taxed the colonies to raise revenue for the empire – an action not previously undertaken”.
What did Thompson say about the initial response to the Stamp Act?
“The initial response was not one of indignation, but resignation”
When were the Stamp Acts?
1764 - November 1765
According to Cantwell, which group did it tend to affect most?
It tended “to affect the more prosperous most”.
How did the Stamp Act have to be paid?
In Specie.
What revenue did the British expect from the Stamp Act?
£60,000.
When were the Virginia Resolves?
May 1765.
Who proposed the Virginia Resolves?
Patrick Henry.
According to Thomas, what did the Virginia Resolves do?
“The Virginia resolves changed the mood of America” (Thomas).
How many Virginia Resolves were there? How many were accepted?
- Only 4 were accepted.
How many of the Virginia Resolves were published and where?
All 7 were published in many colonial newspapers, most prominently the Boston Gazette.
What did the Boston Gazette say about the Stamp Act?
People are “Miserably burthen’d and oppress’d with taxes”
When was there widespread mob violence?
August 1765.
How many Bostonians burnt an effigy (and of what)?
5,000 Bostonians burnt an Effigy of Andrew Oliver on August 24 1765.
What was the mob violence in New York?
Major James had 130 British soldiers but thousands of rioters destroyed his home and turned on the governor. Rebels publicly burnt the stamps.
Which state enforced the Stamp duties?
By December 1765, Only Georgia had officers to enforce the duties.
What does Morison say about trade boycotts?
“Trade boycotts were only annoying” (Morison).
In 1765, by how much did trade revenue drop for the British?
In 1765, trade dropped by £300,000 for the British.
What Bill was implemented with the repeal of the Stamp Act? When was this?
The Declaratory Act in March 1766.
What was the Declaratory Act?
The Declaratory Act said the British could pass law over America, as a subordinate.
What does Miller say about the Declaratory Act?
That it was “A naked assertion of parliamentary power” (Miller).
When were the Townshend Duties instituted?
June 1767.
What did the Proclamation Act do?
It restricted any westward expansion past the Appalachians.
Why was the Proclamation Act instituted?
Pontiac’s Rebellion made clear that the simplest solution was to block westward expansion; to protect natives and reduce costs of British stationed troops.
How many new Vice Admiralty Courts were created with the Townshend Duties?
3 new Courts.
How much revenue were the Townshend Acts expected to achieve?
£40,000.
What in 1767 threatened American sovereignty? Why?
That Britain would pay Colonial Governors threatened American sovereignty, as the Colonial Assembly paid Governors. This meant Governors and officials would act independent of legislature.
Did trade boycotts in 1767-1770 reduce American trade? Where?
Boston and Pennsylvania, trade dropped by 50%. In Virginia, Maryland and the Carolinas, trade increased.
How many soldiers did Lord Hillsborough place in Boston?
The British Government placed 2,000 soldiers with 15,000 civilians in Boston.
How many people were tarred and feathered prior to 1770? What groups were these people from?
13 officials and informants Tarred and Feathered prior to 1770.
Who wrote the ‘Letters from a farmer’? When?
John Dickinson in 1767.
Which assembly was closed under the Townshend Acts?
The New York Assembly was closed for not paying Quartering taxes.
Why were soldiers placed in Boston?
It was a response to resistance to the Townshend Acts.
How many colonial papers published the ‘Letters from a Farmer’?
19 of 21 Colonial Papers.
What does Thompson say about ‘The Letters from a Farmer’?
It is “One of the more widely-read and influential revolutionary tracts” (Thompson).
Who sent the circular letter? When?
Sam Adam’s Circular Letter was circulated in 1768.
Which Assembly was dissolved for refusing to remove the Circular Letter?
The Massachusetts Assembly.
What was the results in Massachusetts after its Assembly was suspended?
The Committee of Safety try independent government, but are too conservative. Hence, mob violence was abundant as the law was not enforced.
This led to Hillsborough bringing troops.
Why does Bailyn say Americans were against the British?
Ideas in pamphlets are the reason why radicals were anti-authoritarian as propaganda changed the way many colonists thought.
What was the motivation for merchants according to Bailyn?
Merchants were motivated by a desire to protect liberty and profits were secondary.
What was the motivation for merchants according to the Progressive historians?
Profits were the primary focus and liberty was a secondary goal.
How does the Boston Gazette prove Bailyn’s point?
Propaganda and representation of the event in press was more important than the leaders or the event itself. People adopt the ideas resulting from events and little sentiment to the event itself.
How do the Committees of Correspondence display Bailyn’s view?
The expression of discontent which spread throughout the colonies helped develop support and a widespread knowledge of British wrongdoings among all the colonies. This helped create a national sentiment, unifying the colonies more than before against Britain’s tyranny.
What does the number 45 symbolize in cartoons?
The Freedom of the Press.
What does a man in a hat, kilt or a boot symbolize in cartoons?
Lord Bute, the King’s advisor.
What does the judge in a gown or wig represent in cartoons?
Lord Mansfield, chief enemy of the colonists.
What does the person with the Boston Port Act represent in cartoons?
Prime Minister North
What does Lady Britannia represent in cartoons?
It is a symbol of all good with the British government; rights, justice, liberty. Looks sad as Americans not given equal rights/treatment of Britain.
What significance does the Liberty hat have in cartoons?
The Phryghian Hat is a symbol of gained freedom.
