unit 4 academic vocabulary

Question 0

ethical fallacy

Answer 0

unreasonable attack on the writer’s own authority or character

ex:
Sara’ friend was arrested; therefore, Sara must be a troublemaker

Question 1

emotional fallacy

Answer 1

unfairly appeals to a person’s emotions

ex:
You need the expensive shoes or people won’t think you are cool.

Question 2

ad hominem

Answer 2

a fallacy that is a personal attack on a character to distract from the argument

ex:
You’re Mexican, so you can’t tell me the best place to eat pizza

Question 3

testimonial

Answer 3

A statement in support of a particular truth fact or claim

ex:
An actor says he or she uses a product and it works

Question 4

exaggeration

Answer 4

fallacy in which there is an overstatement more than is true

ex:
all advertisements are misleading

Question 5

stereotyping

Answer 5

fallacy that applies with broad generalizations to a person or group which are often untrue

ex:
teenagers are lazy

Question 6

appeal to Authority

Answer 6

agreeing to an argument simply based on another person who may not be fully qualified

ex:
my Sunday school teacher said it must be true

Question 7

categorical claim

Answer 7

fallacy in which a claim is based on faulty logic relating to things only because they are in the same category

ex:
Poodles are good inside dogs. German shepherds are dogs, so they would also be good indoors.

Question 8

explicit message

Answer 8

very specific or clear to understand

ex:
The law says you must attend school.
Attending school is important.

Question 9

implicit message

Answer 9

uses graphics, body language, etc. To communicate meaning – the meaning must be inferred (implied).

ex:
there are serious consequences if you don’t attend school

Question 10

tone

Answer 10

The attitude toward the subject

ex:
humorous,sentimental, Hostile, sympathetic, neutral

Question 11

formality

Answer 11

level of sophistication and language, word choice, appearance and delivery of a message

ex:
formal, semi-formal, Informal

Question 12

formal tone

Answer 12

Business – like, high – level vocabulary, very structured

ex:
Business letter, school communications, informational writing

Question 13

informal tone

Answer 13

very personal, sometimes slang vocabulary

ex:
Notes to friends, text messages

Question 14

influence

Answer 14

The ability to affect other people’s thinking

ex:
cause positive or negative thinking

Question 15

persuade (persuasive)

Answer 15

make someone believe something

ex:
if you graduate from school, you will have a better job and make more money

Question 16

argument

Answer 16

The main point expressed about a topic

ex:
Point of view

Question 17

rhetorical fallacy

Answer 17

an argument that is not really sound that may still be convincing

ex:
– Trust me, I know my best friend wouldn’t do that!

Question 18

appeal

Answer 18

The means of persuasion in an argument

ex:
– Emotional
– Ethical(right or wrong)
– Logical

Question 19

logical fallacy

Answer 19

depends on faulty logic(reasoning)

ex:
cats are better than dogs because they are cuter and cleaner.