unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

the process of using electricity to extract elements from a compound

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2
Q

What is the name of the positive electrode?

A

anode

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3
Q

What is the name of the negative electrode?

A

cathode

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4
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

a liquid or solution that contains ions and so can conduct electricity

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5
Q

Where are metals formed?

A

cathode

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6
Q

Where are non-metals formed?

A

anode

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7
Q

How can ionic substances be electrolysed?

A

by melting or dissolving them, and then passing a direct current through them

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8
Q

Why can solid ionic substances not be electrolysed?

A

they do not conduct electricity, or the ions cannot move

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9
Q

In the electrolysis of solutions, when is the metal not produced at the cathode?

A

when the metal is more reactive than hydrogen

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10
Q

In the electrolysis of a metal halide solution, what is produced at the anode?

A

halogen gas

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11
Q

In the electrolysis of a metal sulfate solution, what is produced at the anode?

A

oxygen

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12
Q

What is the equation for the ionisation of water?

A

H2O(l) ➞ H+(aq) + OH−(aq)

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13
Q

What metals are extracted from ionic compounds by using electrolysis?

A

metals that are more reactive than carbon

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14
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, why is the aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite?

A

to lower the melting point

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15
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, what are the anodes made of?

A

graphite

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16
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, why do the anodes need to be replaced?

A

they react with the oxygen being formed