Unit 4 Flashcards
The curious mix of perfect vision and face blindness illustrates the distinction between…
Sensation and perception
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
Sensation
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory info allowing us to recognize events and objects
Perception
Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information
Bottom up processing
Difference between bottom up and top down processing
Bottom up: developing experiences when experiencing something for the 1st time.
Top down: prior experiences using past to build sensations
Simple definition of….
Energies or stimuli that are five major senses take in
Sensation
Awareness of senses, simple definition
Perception
Focus on stimuli with sensations
Selective attention
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
I attentional blindness
Failing to notice changes in the environment
Change blindness
The study of relationships between physicial characteristics of stimuli, like intensity and our psychological experience of them
Psychophysics
Conversion of one form of energy to another, neural impulses
Transduction
Minimum Point of detection, based on expectations alertness, and experiences. The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular similar 50% of the time
Absolute threshold
Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection varies from person to person.
Signal detection theory
Below ones absolute threshold, take info in all the time
Subliminal
Can link up one think with another to remember, activation of things—one perception, memory, or response
Priming
Minimum amount of stimulus for something to alter before noting a change.
Difference threshold
Principle that two stimuli differ by a constant percentage
Weber’s law
More exposure to stimuli, less affect
Adapting
To physical characteristics of light that help determine our sensory experience of them
Wavelength and intensity
The distance from one wave peak to the next, determines its hue
Wavelength
The color we experience
Hue
The amount of energy in light waves, influences brightness
Intensity
Cells that derive their name from their ability to respond to a scenes specific feature
Feature detector
The processing of many aspects of a problem, the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions; contrasts step by step processing
Parallel processing
Combined info of color, movement, form, and depth
Parallel processing
Implies that the cones do their color magic in teams of three. The retina has three types of color receptors red green and blue.
Young helmnolz tri theory
As visual information leaves the receptor cells, we analyze it in terms of three sets of opponent colors, red green, yellow blue, and white black
Opponent process theory
Where does opponent processing occur
Retina and thalamus
The sense or act of hearing something
Audition
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
Frequency
A toned highness or lowness, depends on frequency
Pitch
The chamber between the eardrum she cochlea containing tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of eardrum
Middle ear
Coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in inner ear through sound waves trigger nerve impulses
Cochlea
Innermost part of the ear, contains cochlea, vestibular sacs, and canals
Inner ear
In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleae membrane is stimulated
Place theory
In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of a tone
Frequency theory
Types of hearing loss
Conduction and sensorineural
Hearing loss caused by damage to mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea
Conduction
Hearing loss caused by damage to cochleae receptor cells or auditory nerves
Sensorineural
device for converting sounds into electrical signals stimulating auditory nerve into the cochlea
Cochlear implant
Skin senses
Cold
Heat
Pressure
Pain
System for sensing position of body parts
Kinesthesis
Sense of body movement, balance
Vestibular sense
The theory that the spinal cord has a gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to get to brain
Gate control theory
One sense many influence another
Sensory interaction
Perceptual tenancy to organize stimuli into groups
Grouping, gestalt
Ability to see objects in three dimensions, allows us to judge distance
Depth perception
Depth cues, depend on using two eyes
Binoculars cues
Binocular queue for perceiving depth
Retinal disparity
Depth cues like interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye
Monocular cues
When two adjacent lights blink on and off, we think it’s a single light moving back and forth
Phi phenomenon
Perceiving familiar objects as having constant color
Color constancy
Mental, perceive one thing and not the other
Perceptual set
Ability to adjust to an artificial visual field
Perceptual adaption
claim that perception can occur from sensory output
ESP
What are the chemical sensations
Taste and smell
How do we perceive motion
Parallel processing
Telepathy
Mind to mind
See events in future
Clairvoyance
See remote events as they’re happening
Precognition
