Unit 4

Question 1

Definition of an ecosystem

Answer 1

All of the organisms living in one place and their physical environment. Living things in an ecosystem interact with each other.

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of organisms that can reproduce successfully.

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

All the organisms of one species in an ecosystem.

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

All the populations in an ecosystem.

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

All the living things on Earth.

Question 6

Phyisical environment includes:

Answer 6

• Non-living things.

- Factors that affect living things.

Question 7

Living things include:

Answer 7

• Fauna: animals.

- Flora: plants, algae, fungi and bacteria.

Question 8

Terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 8

Are the ones located on land and surrounded by air.

Question 9

Aquatic ecosystems

Answer 9

Are the ones located in water.

Question 10

Types of terrestrial ecosystems:

Answer 10

• Forests.
• Mountain grasslands.
• Deserts and steppes.

Question 11

Types of aquatic ecosystems depending on their salinity:

Answer 11

• Marine ecosystems or saltwater: with high salinity.

- Freshwater ecosystems: with low salinity.

Question 12

Forests: definition and types

Answer 12

Forests are ecosystems with many trees.

• Atlantic forests.
• Mediterranean forests.

Question 13

Atlantic forests:

Answer 13

Regions with humid climate and cool summers.

Home to bullfinches, bears and wolves.

Question 14

Mediterranean forests:

Answer 14

Regions with dry climate and warm summers.

Home to eagles, lynxes and rabbits.

Question 15

Mountain grasslands: definition, fauna and flora

Answer 15

terrestrial ecosystem with humid climate and cool winters. They are large areas of fertile soft soil that can be used as pastures for cattle to graze.

• Plants: herbaceous (grasses, clovers and wildflowers).
• Animals: butterflies, ladybirds, grasshoppers and deer.

Question 16

Deserts and steppes: definition, fauna and flora

Answer 16

Terrestrial ecosystem with dry climate and extreme temperatures. Living things in this ecosystem have adapted to severe conditions.

• Plants: herbaceous like grasses and shrubs like thyme.
• Animals: hares, mice and lizards.

Question 17

Sandy beaches:

Answer 17

Aquatic, marine ecosystem affected by tides and waves.

Home to seaguls, oystercatchers, sand, fleas, and sandworms.

Question 18

Rocky shores:

Answer 18

Aquatic, marine ecosystem that consists of swallow areas with sunlight, that allows algae to grow.
Home to starfish, octopuses, sea anemones and moray eels.

Question 19

Open sea:

Answer 19

Aquatic, marine ecosystem defined as deep sea far from the coast.
Home to jellyfish, sea turtles, sardines, tuna, sharks and whales.

Question 20

Marine ecosystems

Answer 20

Aquatic ecosystems that are in constant movement and have high salinity.

Question 21

Freshwater ecosystems

Answer 21

Aquatic ecosystems that have very low salinity.

Question 22

Rivers:

Answer 22

Aquatic, freshwater ecosystems where water is always moving.

They are home to otters an trout that live in the upper courses of rivers where the water is cold and flows fast.

Question 23

Lagoons:

Answer 23

Aquatic, freshwater ecosystems where water barely moves. Vegetation provides home for birds like herons and ducks, and for animals like frogs, water snakes and water beetles.