Unit 4 Flashcards
how do bees find flowers
scouting
being recruited by dancing bees
how do flowers attract bees
shapes, colours, scents nectar guides (UV coloured lines)
fidelity
bees tend to forage on only a single flower species during foraging trips
2 factors attracting bees
amount and sugar concentration
nectar sugars
sucrose, glucose, fructose
sucrose and glucose are most attractive
env. factors affecting nectar secretion
soil moisture and solar radiation
ideal combination for nectar production
humid soil and sunny days
pollen
male reproductive cells (gametes) of plants
produced in anthers
more available early in the day
pollen transport
have negative charges to stick to bees hair
20mg (2 pollen pellets)
water collection
used to cool hive
transport in honey stomach
propolis
bee glue
reduces microbial growth and sanitizes
encase objects
robbing
during dearth periods
scout bees
rearing of males
spring
5000 - 20000
rearing of queens
spring
10 queens
1-4 will mate
building of queen cells
lack of perception of queen substance by workers
rearing of queens
sudden loss
swarming
does not lay sufficient eggs
kills rival queens
mating flights queen
6-13 days after emergence
drones
haploid
14-21 after emergence = sexually mature
mating flight areas
congregation areas (50-200m diameter) (4-20 m above ground)
mating flights drones
leave nest early in the morning chase and inseminate queens grasp with legs endophallus dies after
mating flight queens
attracts drone using 9-oxi-2-decenoic acid (queen substance)
closes sting chamber when done
mates with 10-40 drones in one flight
lays eggs after 2-5 days
semen storage
semen reaches oviducts then is contracted to her vagina then sent to spermatheca
fertilized eggs
layed in cells with small diameter (worker or queen)
unfertilized eggs
layed in larger cells (drone cells)
