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AP Psych Midterm > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

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2
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg, from conception to two weeks

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3
Q

Embryo

A

2 weeks to 8 weeks: organs begin to form and function, heart begins to beat

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4
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks to birth

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5
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek

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6
Q

Habituation

A

a decrease in responding with repeated stimulation

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7
Q

Maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

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8
Q

Schema

A

concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

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9
Q

Assimilation

A

interpreting one’s experience in terms of one’s existing schemas

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10
Q

Accommodation

A

adapting current understandings to incorporate new information

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11
Q

Cognition

A

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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12
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

babies take in the world through sensory and motor interactions with objects

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13
Q

Object Permanence

A

awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

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14
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

child learns to use language, but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

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15
Q

Conservation

A

principle that quantity remains the same despite change in shape

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16
Q

Egocentrism

A

preoperational child’s difficulty taking someone else’s view

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17
Q

Theory of Mind

A

people’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and the behavior these might predict

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17
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

children gain mental operations that allow them to think logically about concrete events

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18
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

people begin to think logically about abstract concepts, reasoning expands from purely concrete to include abstract thinking

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18
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

fear of unfamiliar people infants

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19
Q

Attachment

A

emotional tie with another person

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19
Q

Critical Periods

A

optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

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20
Q

Basic Trust

A

sense of security towards a parent/caregiver and world around them, that develops in an infant after being given loving and responsive care

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20
Q

Self Concept

A

sense of a child’s own identity and personal worth

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21
Q

Adolescence

A

life between childhood and adulthood

21
Q

Identity

A

one’s sense of self

22
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, usually increases with age

22
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

ability to reason speedily and abstractly, usually decreases during late adulthood

23
Q

Social Clock

A

cultural prescription of the “right time” for life events, varies between cultures and the eras

23
Q

Inner Speech

A

the normal internal dialogue we all have

24
Q

Private Speech

A

preschool age children talk aloud

24
Q

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

A

gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with the guidance of others

25
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

obey to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

25
Q

Conventional Morality

A

caring for others, upholding laws and rules because that is what you should do

26
Q

Postconventional Morality

A

not everyone gets to this level, involves working out a personal code of ethics, morals and rules become more flexible based on that code

26
Q

Identity

A

one’s sense of self

27
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, usually increases with age

27
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, usually increases with age

28
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

ability to reason speedily and abstractly, usually decreases during late adulthood

28
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

ability to reason speedily and abstractly, usually decreases during late adulthood

29
Q

Social Clock

A

cultural prescription of the “right time” for life events, varies between cultures and the eras

29
Q

Social Clock

A

cultural prescription of the “right time” for life events, varies between cultures and the eras

30
Q

Theory of Mind

A

people’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and the behavior these might predict

31
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

children gain mental operations that allow them to think logically about concrete events

32
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

people begin to think logically about abstract concepts, reasoning expands from purely concrete to include abstract thinking

33
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

fear of unfamiliar people infants

34
Q

Attachment

A

emotional tie with another person

35
Q

Critical Periods

A

optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

36
Q

Basic Trust

A

sense of security towards a parent/caregiver and world around them, that develops in an infant after being given loving and responsive care

37
Q

Self Concept

A

sense of a child’s own identity and personal worth

38
Q

Adolescence

A

life between childhood and adulthood

39
Q

Identity

A

one’s sense of self

40
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, usually increases with age

41
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

ability to reason speedily and abstractly, usually decreases during late adulthood

42
Q

Social Clock

A

cultural prescription of the “right time” for life events, varies between cultures and the eras

43
Q

Inner Speech

A

the normal internal dialogue we all have

44
Q

Private Speech

A

preschool age children talk aloud

45
Q

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

A

gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with the guidance of others

46
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

obey to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

47
Q

Conventional Morality

A

caring for others, upholding laws and rules because that is what you should do

48
Q

Postconventional Morality

A

not everyone gets to this level, involves working out a personal code of ethics, morals and rules become more flexible based on that code

AP Psych Midterm (7 decks)

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