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Marine Ecology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

Study For Test/Final Exam

1
Q

Plankton are ___ organisms, meaning they are not strong enough to swim against the current

A

Free Floating

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2
Q

Phytoplankton are like?

A

Plant like plankton

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3
Q

Are phytoplankton primary consumers?

A

yes

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4
Q

What are the two major types of phytoplankton?

A

Diatoms and Dinoflaggellates

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5
Q

What are the two major shapes of Diatoms?

A

Centric and Pennate

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6
Q

How does a centric diatom look like?

A

Circular with bristles in the middle

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7
Q

What does a pennate diatom look like?

A

A bean-like shape that is long like a worm

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8
Q

How many flagellas does a dinoflagellate have?

A

2

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9
Q

What is responsible for red tides?

A

Large blooms of dinoflaggelates

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10
Q

What does a Dinoflagellate look like?

A

Looks like the number 3

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11
Q

What are the two major parts of zooplankton

A

Holoplankton and Meroplankton

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12
Q

How much time do holoplankton and meroplankton live their lifes as plankton?

A

Holoplankton: whole life
Meroplankton: part of their life

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13
Q

What are the four types of holoplankton?

A

Polychaete Worm - Salps - Arrow Worm - Moon Jellyfish

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14
Q

What do polychaete worm, salps, arrow worm, and moon jellyfish look like

A

Polychaete worm: Looks like a worm with arms sticking out; cockroach shape
Salps: Has two ears, two legs, and an oval body with a long stick thing going through it
Arrow worm: looks like a worm
Moon jellyfish: Looks like a jellyfish

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15
Q

What are the four types of meroplankton?

A

Lobster Larva - Crab Larva - Octopus Larva - Sea Star Larva

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16
Q

What do Lobster, Crab, Octopus, and Sea Star larvae look like?

A

Lobster: Big head with a fishtail
Crab - Looks like a crab with two big eyes
Octopus - Looks like an octopus
Sea Star - Looks like a tree but similar to a seat star

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17
Q

What is the phylum and class of the zooplankton copepods

A

Phylum: Arthropods
Class: Crustucea

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18
Q

What is the difference between a male copepod and a female copepod?

A

Male copepod: straight antennas
Female copepod: Bent antennas

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19
Q

What is the sexual reproduction of copepods?

A

dimorphous

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20
Q

Zooplankton radiolarians have _____ glass skeleton

A

spiked

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21
Q

Zooplankton foraminiferans have a _____ skeleton

A

calcium carbonate

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22
Q

What does zooplankton radiolarin, and foraminiferan look like?

A

Radiolarin: Think of covid. They have spiked bodies and are sphere-shaped
Foraminiforman: looks like an explosion kind of like an eye

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23
Q

_____: colonial, composed of individual members that are physically connected and adapted to share resources

A

Hydrozoans

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24
Q

_____: Jellyfish and Box jellyfish

A

Seyphozoans

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25
____: colonial jellies
Siphozoans
26
What are the types of Phylum Cnidaria?
Hydrozoans - Seyphozoans - Siphozoans
27
Ctneophored are comb jellies. They are shaped like a barrel and are, ____?
Carnivorous
28
Annelida are ____ worms
Segmentea
29
What are the four types of Athropoda?
Cladocerans - Ostracods - Mysdids - Amphipods
30
Plankton are the major source of ___?
Food
31
Phytoplankton are primary producers or consumers?
Producers
32
Phytoplankton: Important in ___ exchange
Gas
33
Phytoplankton: need the ____
Sun
34
What are the two factors of floating within plankton?
Density and Surface Area
35
Chart Of Plankton to remember
check back page and remember
36
What are the three main types of algae and their colors?
Chlorophyta: Green Algae RhodoPhyta: Red Algae Pheaophyta: Brown Algae
37
What color of light does chlorophyta reflect?
Green light
38
What color light does Rhodophyta reflect
green/yellow/red
39
What color light does Phaephyta reflect?
blue and red
40
Algae Structure: ____: like leaves
blades
41
Algae Structure: ____: an entire piece/stalk of algae
Frond
42
Algae Structure: Air bladders/Pneumatocysts: help alage ___
float
43
Algae Structure: ____: hold algae in place
Holdfast
44
Algae is an important part of ___ source
food
45
____: algin, carrageenan, agar, alginate
Phycocolloids
46
____ is extracted from ____ algae
Algin - Brown
47
____ is extracted from red algae
Agar
48
Agar is a ____ agent in dairy products, to add creaminess to products like ice cream, chocolate, salad dressings, and sherberts
Thickening
49
Agar is used as a base to grow ___ on, used to bind proteins to clarify juices, wines, and vinegar
Bacteria
50
Algae bloom benefits because carbon ___ and is a good ____
stinks - habitat
51
What is HABS?
harmful algae bloom
52
HABS are blooms that contain phytoplankton that produce ____
Toxins
53
Effects wildlife and humans and cause ___ tide
Red
54
Examples of effects of HABS can have on humans are?
DSP - PSP - ASP
55
What is DSP, PSP, and ASP
DSP - Diarhettic Shellfish poisoning PSP - Paralytic Shellfish Poisining ASP - Amnesic shellfish poisining
56
Eutrophication is caused by excess ____ in the water, usually from run-off
nutrients
57
Eutrophication can cause ____ environments and fish kills
Anoxi
58
Dead zones have a more common term for ____ which refers to a reduced level of oxygen in the water
Hypoxia
59
60
The production of light by living organisms as a result of of ____
Chemical Reaction
61
Bioluminescence is produced by the compound ____ and the enzyme ____
Tuciferin - Luciferase
62
Bioluminescence are mostly ___
Marine
63
What is one main item that is lighting up the ocean?
Dinoflagellates
64
In the deep ocean, where the sun is absent, more than ___% of the animals are luminescent
90
65
Luciferins detail of light emission ___ with groups of animals
differ
66
In most cases, luciferins involve a _____ _____ substrate
specific species
67
Bioluminescence ranges from violet to ___ / Most common are ___
red - blue
68
Bioluminescence color mainly depends on the ____ of the luciferin
structure
69
The presence of accessory proteins or other ____ also affect the spectrum of radiated light
Chromophores
70
Tow logics a ___ ___ predator
distract primary
71
Make primary predator ____ to larger _____ _____
visible - secondary predators
72
Camouflage from below - some animals' bioluminescence blue on their ____ ___ - the color ___ with the blue color of the surface water --- thus masks them from the predators lurking below
underbellies - blends
73
____ zone (200-1000m depth)
mesopelagic
74
some squid's symbiotic association of biolum. bacteria use their bioluminescence to ____ environments light
match
75
Repulsion/distraction of ____ --- certain squids and shrimps give out biolim
predators

Marine Ecology (1 decks)

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