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World History 2 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A

Begins the development of modern experimental science, Marks the abandonment of the “Natural Philosophy” of Aristotle and replaces it with Scinetifc Method

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2
Q

What impact did the Scientific method have on the field of science?

A

Provided a basis for the modern view that are the world is a rational place. Expansion of scientific knowledge

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3
Q

Who developed the heliocentric theory?

A

Nicolas Copernicus

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4
Q

Who developed the 3 laws of theory?

A

Johannes Kepler

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5
Q

Who made a 30x telescope and used it to observe heavens and make sketches?

A

Galileo Galilei

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6
Q

Who developed calculus to prove gravity

A

Issac Newton

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7
Q

Who becamses the first to discover the full circulation in the human body and provide and provided experiments to support his ideas

A

William Harvey

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8
Q

What is the heliocentric theory

A

Suncenterd Universe

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9
Q

How did the heliocenterd theory differ from the church accepted view of the universe?

A

The church thought the heliocentered universe was hersay

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10
Q

What problem did Copernicus with the heliocentered theory?

A

Heavy objects were always assumed to fall to the ground because Earth was the center of the universe

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11
Q

How did Kepler expand upon Copernicus’ ideas

A

Kepler tried to math Copernicu’s heliocentric system but he can’t so he came up with the 3 laws of planetary motion

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12
Q

What is the connection between Galilelo and the heliocentric theory?

A

Galileo included strong evidence for a heliocentric (sun-centerd) universe

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13
Q

Newton’s theory of gravity and three laws (3) laws of motion were the foundation of modern field of science

A

The idea for the 3 laws of motion was to use principles to deduce the structure of the universe

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14
Q

what empires were on the Western Europe side?

A

British, French and Spainish

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15
Q

Who was on the Eastern Europe Norther Asia side?

A

Russia

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16
Q

Who was on the southeastern Euope sideB

A

Black sea

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17
Q

Who was on the sea to the south of Euope

A

Med sea

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18
Q

What did the Enlightment thinkers believe

A

that humans progress was possible through the application of Scientific Knowledge and reason to issues of law and government

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19
Q

What later historical event would the Enlightment heavily influence?

A

Influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and Decleration of the independence

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20
Q

What three (3) historical periods directly contributed to the Enlightenment

A

Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution

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21
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes publish?

A

Leviathan

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22
Q

What was Thomas Hobbes ideas?

Study These Flashcards
A

to give people consent to government for self protection

23
Q

what did John Locke write and what was his ideas

Study These Flashcards
A

Two Treatises of Government

True basis for government was a social contract between people and their government… in the government dosen’t respect the peoples rights, it should be over thrown and replaced

24
Q

Who wrote The spirit of Laws and tired to employ scientific reasoning to understand the nature of the gov

25
Why did Hobbes and Locke think the same?
both believed that the gov was needed to prevent chaos
26
What did Hobbes believe?
he believed people are naturally selfish and evil thought people should give some of their freedom to a higher power
27
What did Locke believe?
People are bron with life, liberty, and property and believed that the gov should protect those righst
28
what 2 areas were the primary focus of criticism by the Enlightment
Enlightenment and religion which believed humans were capable of discovering truth for themselves through seasons and Enlightenment and government which were when thinkers stressed individual rights that government had to respect
29
What aspects of the Scientific Revolution did the Enlightenment thinkers admire?
Enlightenment Philosophers wanted to use the ideas and reason of the Scientific Revolution for "problembs in government and society"
30
Who published
The social contract gov is a contract between the people and who they choose represent them People are generally good but are corrupted by the evils of society... especially the unequal distribution of property
31
Who wrote Volumes of stuff and targeted French officials and wrote about inequality, justice, and religious prejude
Voltaire
32
What founding documents of the US incorporated the ideas of the Enlightenment
The bill of rights and the US consittution
33
What three natural rights did Locke believe all people should be guaranteed at birth?
Life, Liberty, and Property
34
How did Hobbes and Locke different in their beliefs of mankind
Hobbes believed that humans were selfish and violent Locke believed people were responsible and capable of self- government
35
Why did Montesquieu believe that seperation of powers was important to the structure of government
So no government could grow too powerful
36
What is absolutism
Absolutism is a political system in which a ruler has absolute power and authority over a county
37
What is devine right? did Enlightment thinkers believe in devine right? why or why not?
Devine right means their power was given to them by God Enlightenment thinkers did not believe in the devine right of kings because they were all about reasoning and individual rights and the power should come from the government
38
What was the primary focus (and failure) of Charles V ruler over the Holy Roman Empire
Charles V focused on protection of Catholicism from islamic influence *ottomna empire* and protestant influncers of Northen Empire failure was specificaly Charles V failed to restpre Catholic unity acress Europe
39
How did the rule of Charles V end
he failed to unite Europe under a Catholic Empire and in 1556 he decides to abdicate his throne. The Holy Roman Empire went to his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip 2nd who inherated the Spanish Empire
40
What did Louix the 14th acomplsih during his 72 year reign
centralized power in the monarchy and reigned over unprotected property during which france became the dominat power in Europe and a leader in the arts and Scientists
41
Why did Louix XIV call himself the sun king
Because france revolves round him like the sun revloves around the planets
42
What did the Palace of Versailles symbolize
Royal power, the kings domanace and wealth
43
What was the state of Russia when Peter the Great came to power
Russia was severlly underveloped compared to Europe
44
What did Peter the Great do in the first years od his reign and why did he do this
He made a trip to the west and wanted to modernize Russia with new technology and western customs
45
What actiobs were taken by Peter the Great to modernize Russia
Transformed political religous and cultural institutions Replaced partich of the orthodoc church with leaders who went straight to him Orderd the first reussian book of etiqute to teach manners Mandated western dresses and apperance
46
What was the significance of St. Petersburg and what did Peter call the city
Moved Russia capital to St. Petersburg and called the city Russias window to Europe
47
What english kings actions led to the english civil war and what specifically did he di+oi
He started unpopular taxes Refused to call parlament for 11 yrs Established Martial Law in england
48
Who took power following the trail and execution of Charles the 1st
Oliver Cromwell aka Lord Protector
49
What happened during the Restoration
Cromwell dies after 6 years, his son lasts a few weeks before he is run out by parliment. Parlemnt decides to restore the monarch the invite Charles the 2nd (son of Charles 1st) to rule. Thr throne ends up going to Charles the 2nd
50
Who came to power during the Glorious Revolution
The daaughter of James the 2nd (Mary) and her husband (William) to rule england
51
What happened to Parlimentary and royal power as a result of the Glorious Revolution
The king ruled the Parlimentary, not God which became known as the Glorious Revolution, WIlliam and Mary accept the law of consittuion increases parlimentary power and decreases royal power (england becomes a consitutional monarchy)
52
What happened to Parlimentary and royal power as a result of the Glorious Revolution
The king ruled the Parlimentary, not God which became known as the Glorious Revolution, william and mary accept the law of consitutions increases parlimentary power and decreases royal power (england becomes a consitutional monarchy)
53
Descirbe the english bill of rights
1. gave parliment power over the king 2. Outlined specific consitutional and civil rights for all englishmen 3. only parlement can levy taxes 4. Fair trial by jury for the accused 5. Right and petition the king 6. Inspired by the Magna Carta
54
What American founding document was inspired by the English Bill of Rights
The Consitution

World History 2 (2 decks)

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