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Biology Unit 4 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintaining a constant internal condition, despite changes in the external environment

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2
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

Through passive and active transport

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3
Q

What transport type is diffusion?

A

Passive

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4
Q

Describe the process of diffusion

A

Movement of a substance from high to low concentration

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5
Q

What transport type is osmosis?

A

Passive

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6
Q

Describe the process of osmosis.

A

Movement of water down its concentration gradient

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7
Q

What transport type is ion channel?

A

Passive

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8
Q

Describe the process ion channel

A

Donut shaped transport protein

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9
Q

What transport type is facilitated diffusion

A

Passive

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10
Q

Describe facilitated diffusion

A

Diffusion aided by a carrier protein

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11
Q

What transport type is ion pump?

A

Active

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12
Q

Describe ion pump

A

Special proteins that actively transport ions

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13
Q

What transport type is cotransport?

A

Active

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14
Q

Describe cotransport

A

Complete passage of two materials across a membrane

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15
Q

What transport type is endocytosis?

A

Active

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16
Q

Describe endocytosis

A

Import materials to cell by foldings of plasma membrane

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17
Q

Explain phagocytosis

A

Cell eating; pseudo pods, surround the food item and fuse together

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18
Q

Explain pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking vesicles of fluid are formed in the cell membrane

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19
Q

Explain, receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Special coded pits in the cell membrane are lined with receptor proteins that bind with specific materials

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20
Q

What is the equation for the chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ——> 66H12O6 + 6O2

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21
Q

Label

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ——> 66H12O6 + 6O2

A

6CO2 - carbon dioxide
6H2O - water
66 H12 06 - glucose
6O2 - oxygen

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22
Q

Explain light reactions in the two stages of photos

A

Energy from sunlight to chloroplast of plants

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23
Q

Explain dark reactions

A

Energy is stored in organic molecules, such as glucose

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24
Q

Name the order of steps

A
  1. Light from the sun reaches earth.
  2. Plants absorb sunlight.
  3. Plants convert sunlight to chemical energy.
  4. Plants use chemical energy to make organic compounds.
  5. Animals eat plants to get energy.
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25
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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26
Q

How many phosphates are in ATP

A

Three

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27
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

28
Q

How many phosphates are in ADP

A

Two

29
Q

Where does chemoautotroph get energy from?

A

Chemicals. For example, bacteria.

30
Q

Where does photoautotroph get its energy from?

A

Sunlight (example: plant)

31
Q

Where does heterotroph get its energy from?

A

Consuming autotroph’s or other heterotrophs (example: plants)

32
Q

What three environmental factors affect photosynthesis

A
  1. Light.
  2. Temperature.
  3. Carbon dioxide.
33
Q

What is the Calvin cycle?

A

Phase 2 of photosynthesis

34
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

Primary pigment involved in photosynthesis that reflects the color green

35
Q

What is pigment?

A

A substance that absorbs light

36
Q

Describe electron transport chain

A

Series of molecules through which excited electrons pass

37
Q

What organisms are capable of respiration?

A

Virtually all living organisms (animals, plants, fungi,, and most bacteria)

38
Q

What is stage one of respiration?

A

Glucolysis

39
Q

Where is glycolysis located?

A

Cytoplasm

40
Q

What number of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced in glycolysis

A

2

41
Q

What is stage two of respiration

A

Oxidative respiration

42
Q

Where is oxidative respiration located?

A

In the mitochondria

43
Q

How many ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are produced during oxidative respiration

A

34

44
Q

What is the label for the chemical equation?
C H 0
6 12 6

A

Glucose

45
Q

What is the label for the chemical equation 6O ?
2

A

Oxygen

46
Q

What is the label for the chemical equation 6CO2?

A

Carbon dioxide

47
Q

What is the label for the chemical equation ATP?

A

Energy

48
Q

What what is the label for the chemical equation? 6 H2O?

A

Water

49
Q

What process is being shown in the following equation:
C6 H12 06 + 602 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

A

Respiration

50
Q

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic follows glycolysis and absence of oxygen; whereas anaerobic requires oxygen

51
Q

What is the first way ATP is made in aerobic respiration

A

In the Krebs cycle

52
Q

Describe the Krebs cycle

A

German British biochemist who posed the following:

a series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.

53
Q

What is another way? ATP is made in aerobic respiration.

A

Electron transport chain

54
Q

What is an electron transport chain?

A

Electrons use energy as they are pulled along a series of molecules

55
Q

What are the two types of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

56
Q

What are food products where you would find lactic acid

A

Acid yogurt and cheese

57
Q

What food products use alcohol alcoholic fermentation

A

Bread, wine, and beer

58
Q

When cells run out of oxygen, what type of fermentation do they switch to?

A

Lactic acid

59
Q

Explain why leaves change color and what environmental triggers occur

A

Temperature in sunlight decreases and also lacks water

60
Q

How do leaves change color?

A

The leaves start degenerating and exposing underlying conditions. Other things can hurt it too.

61
Q

What is happening to pigments when leaves change color?

A

Chlorophyll breaks down well the other pigments remain visible

62
Q

What is one fact, you remember from 4-1 passive transport?

A

Substance transporting across cell membranes occurs because the cell membrane is permanent

63
Q

What is one fact, you remember from 4–2 active transport?

A

Endocytosis in the movement of cell by vesicle inside cell

64
Q

What is one fact to remember from section 4–3 energy and living things

A

Autotroph are organisms that make their own food

65
Q

What is one fact you remember from section 4–4 Respiration?

A

Respiration is a metabolic process similar to burning.

Biology Unit 4 (1 decks)

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