unit 4 Flashcards
intro
part a is consisting of 2 articles rlevant to the subject. you need to carry out secobdary research on one of the articles, you need to analyse chosen article in dpeth, and find and use at least two futher secondary resources.
part b will be the exam scenario, q4.
article
the pre released account of a piece of research relating to an aspect of health or social care; could be based on a longer research report.
ethical issue
ethically related aspects that may have affected how the reserach was carried out.
practice
used in relation to how health and social care professionals carry out their work or their job roles.
provision/services
may be used in relation to how services are provided and/or made available to the individuals that need them.
issue
may be used on its own to describe the subject of the research that the article is describing.
literature review
an assessment of exisiting research around a particular issue or area of study
primary research
research compiled directly from the original source, which may not have been compiled before, you are not expected to carry out primary research, but you are expected to understand the advantages and disadvantages of different primary research methods.
qualitative research
descriptive data, such as data drawn from the open ended questions in questionnaires, interviews, or focus groups.
quantitative research
data in numeical form that can be catergorised and used to construct graphs or tables of raw data, such as data drawn from results of experiments, hospital data howing admissions of individuals with certain health conditions, closed questions in questionnaires.
research methods
refers to how the research descrived in the article was carried out, for example, through quantaitative research methods such as analysis of figures drawn from hospitals or GP surgeries, or qualitative based on focus groups, questionnaires.
secondary sources/research
published research reports and data, likely to be based on analysis of primary research.
research
a planned process, in which information is gathered systematically for a speciifc purpose in a context of existing knowledge and understanding, with the data obtained then analysed and evaluated to enable conclusions to be drawn regarding the new knowledge and uderstanding acquired.
purpose of research
research in the health and saocial sector has a wide range of purposes and is carried out by people who have averywide range of backgrounds in terms of knowedge, skills and practice expertise.
improving outcomes for people using services
- person centred care involves continual review pf the care recieved by individuals, to ensure that it is tailored specifically to meet their needs to the fullest extent possible, to ensure the maximum benefit to their health and social care outcomes. while some needs may be met solely by those caring directly for their individuals, more complex and specialist knowledge and services may be ncessary to meet all needs fully.
- a service provider may conduct research to help it identify how best to meet the needs of its service users, so it can make improvements to the services offered , providing more benefit to service users. when an individual accesses a health or social care service for the first time, healthcare professionals conduct informal research, by asking questions to find out about the individual’s health, wellbeing and circumstances, to establish an accurate and detailed understanding of the indivdual’s health and or/social care needs.
- a gp questions a patient during surgery appointment, before making decisions about treatment, a residential care manager questions a new resident, possibly with a relative present, to help ensure the home meets the resident’s needs, and to help them settle in to their new surroundings.
person centred care
even though a professional care worker may deliver care to an indivdual service user, they work within a larger organisation providing services to many indivduals. professionals in the organisation may carry out research to investigate the extent to which its services beneift all the people using them. other research may be carried out to monitor the pattern of diseases, so that the incidence of the disease across a population can be reduced. for example, public health england monitors the incidence of certain infectious diseases to better target appropriate prevention strategies, such as seasonal vaccination against influenza.
- the health and social care outcomes sought by service users will vary, but most services are organised according to the type of service they provide. a hospital provides a range of specialist investigative services such as x rays and scans, complex tissue or physiological tests in clinical specialists, eg in orthopaedics.
- service users access these specialist investigative services after formal referral by their gp and a planned attendance at an outpatient appointment. however, a hospital’s accident and emergency service provides immediate services for anyone, at any time, to support a wide range of needs. in each case, the needs of the service users differ.
informing policy and practice
the best policies, be they at national, local or organisational levels, are evidence based, which means they are developed as a consequence of evidence from reliable and valid reseach.
- in the 1990s, there was concern about the increasing amount of evidence indicating the low standards if care provided by social care providers. this led to the care standards act of 2000, which introduced, for example, the concept of national minimum standards for care and induction and training for all staff.
- research may still sometimes be carried out specificallly to investigate practice, a recent high profile example is the judge led public inquiry into the reasons behind an expectionally high death rate among hospital patients, between 2005-2009, withn the mid staffordshire foundation trust. the investigation was commissioned by the government and many indivduals, including staff, patients and their relatives, gave evidence to the public inquiry.
- in 2013, francis report was produced as a result of this enquiry, and it has already led to changes in policy and practice, including:
- more ward nurses on duty in hospitals at any one time
- patient or public representatives taking part in cqc inspections of health provision
- a scheme for training nurses in wich studen nurses train as health care assistants beore starting their nurse training
- introducton of nhs friends and family test, a customer service type questionnaire to gather feedback from those using nhs services.
development of working practices
- improved communications, eg with indivduals and their families, between professionals and services
- new or modified service eg domicilary dentistry
- location of service, eg in community or more distant specialist service
- new/different facilities/equipment, eg creche facility, prayer room
- changes to routines for indivduals, eg maltimes, personal care
- change to procedures egsequencing an dnature of tasks
- reducing risks eg waiiting times, infection controls
