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AP Government > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Individualism

A

place emphasis on self-reliance and independence

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2
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

belief that every American, regardless of their race, ethnicity, sex, religion, etc. deserves equal footing to go after life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

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3
Q

Free Enterprise

A

laissez-faire economics, as little govt intervention in economics as possible

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4
Q

Rule of Law

A

belief that every citizen is equal under the law

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5
Q

Limited Government

A

a govt whose limits are well-defined and is restrained through the separation of powers and a system of checks and balances

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6
Q

Conservatives

A

cherish established institutions and seek to preserve them for the good of society

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7
Q

self-centered individualism

A

emphasizes the interests of the individual above the interest of society

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8
Q

meritocracy

A

everyone rises in America based on their own toil and sweat

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9
Q

Liberals

A

push for new reforms in order to make society more just and equitable

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10
Q

enlightened individualism

A

emphasizes the interests of society above the interests of the individual

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11
Q

Core Beliefs of Americans

A

Individualism
Equality of Opportunity
Free Enterprise
Rule of Law
Limited Government

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12
Q

Six factors of political socialization

A

family
schools
peers
media
civic/religious organizations
globalization

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13
Q

Political socialization

A

A continuous process in which a person develops their ideology through different factors and experiences

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14
Q

Generational Effects

A

a person’s voting behavior and political ideology is very much influenced by the generation into which they were born

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15
Q

Silent Generation (Before 1945)

A

Conformity
High value on religious belief
Rigid gender roles
Conservative
Support American intervention abroad due to Cold War
Tough on crime

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16
Q

Millennials (1981-1996)

A

Even more liberal
More ethnically diverse
40% nonwhite
More favorable towards immigrants
More favorable towards socialist policies

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17
Q

Life Cycle Effects

A

whatever stage of life a person is in will contribute to their political beliefs and behaviors

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18
Q

what political event shaped the silent generation

A

Struggled through the Great Depression as children and witness the growth of federal govt
Caused them to trust the govt to intervene for their safety

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19
Q

what political event shaped the baby boomers

A

Lived through the Vietnam War which caused their previous trust in govt to decrease significantly
Govt lied about the progress of the war
Migration from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party

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20
Q

what event shaped the millennials

A

Lived through 9/11 which caused them to investigate American over intervention in the Middle East
Millennials have a keen sense of foreign policy and how America interacts w/ other countries
Led to voting for candidates who champion cooperation and bridge building with foreign nations

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21
Q

what makes a poll scientific

A

Writing questions that are free from bias
Presenting questions to a small, randomized group of people
Generalizing results to the larger population

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22
Q

Opinion Poll

A

helps get a feel for the public’s opinion on a certain topic or discerning people’s feeling on certain candidates or policies

23
Q

Benchmark Poll

A

taken at the beginning of a candidate’s run and gives the campaign a benchmark against which they can compare future polls to see how the candidate is faring

24
Q

Tracking Poll

A

conducted over time usually with the same group of people, gives information on how the group feels about a given issue

25
Q

Entrance/Exit Poll

A

conducted at polling sites that ask people how they voted

26
Q

Sampling Error

A

always a chance that the sample will not exactly represent the general population
If a poll has a +3 or -3 sampling error, that’s considered a good and representative poll

27
Q

Neutral questions

A

questions are neither confusing or leading

28
Q

Mass survey

A

a questionnaire that can be given to a large amount of people
Good at collecting quantitative data

29
Q

Focus Group

A

measures the opinions of a small group of people
Good at collecting qualitative data

30
Q

Bandwagon effect

A

people are more likely to support a candidate who is polling well

31
Q

Social desirability bias

A

when people filling out surveys give a socially desirable answer, even if they don’t follow through with it

32
Q

Non-response bias

A

certain groups are more likely to respond to public opinion polls than others

33
Q

Political ideology

A

an interlocking set of ideas that form the basis for political decision making

34
Q

Conservative ideology

A

emphasizes traditional social structures and existing structures of authority

35
Q

Liberal ideology

A

emphasizes civil rights for the marginalized and supports the efforts of social justice movements to ensure everyone has equal access to civil liberties

36
Q

Party platform

A

set of policy goals published by the party which tells you the kind of legislation they would pursue if their candidate won the position

37
Q

Republican Party

A

GOP (Grand Old Party)
Most closely aligns with conservative ideology
Economics:
Free market
Limited govt intervention
Traditional marriage and family
Limited welfare
Tough on crime

38
Q

Public policy

A

the laws and policies on which our society is based

39
Q

Wedge issue

A

issue that divides people with little room for middle ground

40
Q

Valence issue

A

issue that is usually viewed in the same way by multiple different groups

41
Q

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act

A

law that addressed welfare policies that provided govt funding to the poor
Championed by conservatives
Conservatives argued that if poor people received welfare they had no incentive to work and this would trap them in a cycle of poverty
Limited welfare payments to 5 years

42
Q

Dream Act

A

addressed immigrants who entered illegally as minors
Championed by liberals
Set regulations for these immigrants to not get deported and become citizens
Obama used an executive order when this act didn’t pass

43
Q

fiscal policy

A

decisions the govt makes about govt spending and taxation; controlled by Congress

44
Q

Monetary policy

A

decisions the govt makes about how much money should be in the economy; controlled by the Federal Reserve

45
Q

how do liberals view fiscal policy

A

wants most govt intervention
spend a lot of money
Keynesian economics

46
Q

Keynesian Economics

A

pumps up govt spending by providing federal work programs and economic safety nets (social security)

47
Q

how do conservatives view fiscal policy

A

less govt intervention
less govt programs and lower taxes
supply-side economics

48
Q

Supply-side economics

A

support business to improve economic turmoil

49
Q

how do libertarians view fiscal policy

A

least amount of govt intervention possible
no regulation on businesses
minimal govt programs

50
Q

how do liberals and conservatives view monetary policy

A

Conservatives tend to favor using monetary policy to stabilize the economy while liberals tend to believe that monetary policy is too slow to effect real change

51
Q

what do libertarians believe about social policy

A

Want as little govt involvement as possible, including social issues
Believe that the only thing the govt is good for is protecting private property and upholding individual liberty
Conservative for economic issues, liberal for social issues

52
Q

what do liberals believe about social policy

A

Want the govt out of social issues like abortion, marriage
Want intervention in poverty

53
Q

what do conservatives think about social policy

A

Regulate abortion, marriage
Want govt out of guns, education, religion

AP Government (4 decks)

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