Unit 4 Flashcards
Define cancer
Cancer are cells that are produced due to abnormal cell division due to changes in the cell cycle causing a proliferation of cells, mitosis rapidly increases
What is primary cancer
Where cancer begins the start
What is secondary cancer
Where cancer begins to settle and grow/spread to other parts of the body
What is carcinoma
Cancer that starts in cells that make up skin or the tissue lining organs such as liver or kidneys
What is sarcoma
Cancer that develops in bones and soft tissues including fats, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, deep skin tissue and fibrous tissue
What is leukaemia
Type of cancer in the blood or bones marrow by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells
Mutations trigger leukaemia by activating oncogenes or deactivating tumour suppressor genes
What is lymphoma
Blood cancer that occurs on B or T lymphocytes
They Develop in lymph nodes, bone marrow, blood or other organs and eventually form tumours
What is melanoma
Cancer that is a malignant tumour of melanocytes
Caused by dna damage
genetic basis of cancer
Genes are Short sections of dna that codes for a protein and carries genetic information
Genetic code is the sequence of nucleotides n DNA and RNA that determines the amino acid sequence of proteins
First group are called proto-oncogenes that produce protein products that normally enhance cell division . The mutated forms of these are called oncogenes
Second group is called tumour suppressors which make proteins that normally prevent cell division or cause death of cell
Third group contains DNA repair genes high help prevent a mutation which are caused by changes in the genetic code causing delays
Surgery treatment
Works best for solid tumours that are contained in one area
Can be used to remove an entire tumour or debulk a tumour / ease cancer symptoms
What is Chemotherapy
Stops cells from reproducing and spreading around body
Can be used to cure cancer, make other treatments more effective by combining with radiotherapy or used before surgery, reducing risk of cancer coming back, relieving symptoms
Treatment radiation therapy
Used in early stages of cancer or after its started to spread
Can be used to try cure cancer, reduce risk of cancer coming back, relieve, symptoms if cure is not possible
Combination therapy treatment
More than one medication at a time to treat cancer
Increases chance that all of cancer cells will be elimainated
Blood transfusion treatment
Donate healthy blood
Used on cancer such as leukaemia
Targeted therapy
Use information about a person genes and proteins to treat disease
Include hormone therapies, gene expression and immunotherapies
