Unit 4 Flashcards
five core values of us government
individualism
equality of opportunity
free enterprise
rule of law
limited government
individualism
everyone can shape their own life with individual choices
individualism scale
communalism to autonomy
equality of opportunity
everyone gets an equal chance regardless of background
equality of opportunity scale
communism (everyone equal) to egalitarianism (best jobs to most capable)
free enterprise
market determines prices, wages, products, and services
free enterprise scale
command economy to laissez-faire
rule of law
every person, even those in power, must follow the same laws and regulations
rule of law scale
corruption to impartiality
limited government
government should be bound by defined powers and parameters
limited government scale
totalitarianism to constitutionalism
patriotism
devotion and vigorous support for one’s country
freedom/liberty
ability to do things without government intervention
civic duty
- citizens responsible to understand and participate in government
- citizens should be able to learn about and participate in government
- government is answerable to citizens who participate
political socialization
process by which people develop values, beliefs, attitudes, and ideology about government
sources of political socialization
family
schools
peers
media
civic or religious organizations
globalization
causes of changes in ideology
generational effects - voting behaviors and ideology influenced by generation you were born in
life cycle effects - how people’s political views change over their life as they age and experience different life stages
political events that influenced ideology
FDR’s new deal - government’s job to spend on citizens
9/11 - surveillance, homeland security
vietnam war / pentagon papers - distrust in government
watergate - republican party damaged
2008 housing crisis
covid-19 pandemic
valence issues
those the public can agree on (not necessarily agree on how to solve them, but agree it exists)
wedge issues
those the public don’t agree on
saliency
how important an issue is to a group or organization
ideology
comprehensive and mutually consistent group of ideas
conservative ideology
emphasis on traditional social structures and authority
liberal ideology
emphasis on civil rights and ensuring equality of access
issues that democrats are liberal on
climate policy
welfare
infrastructure
issues that democrats are conservative on
military
voting rules
immigration restrictions
issues that democrats are libertarian on
abortion
issues that republicans are liberal on
manufacturing
military
infrastructure
issues that republicans are conservative on
immigration
abortion
culture
elite democracy
gov should be elected by and operated for more educated / invested citizens
issues that republicans are libertarian on
climate policy
education
pluralist democracy
citizens should participate in gov by forming groups of like-minded people to advocate for shared concerns
participatory democracy
citizens must participate as individuals in political process and gov has responsibility to respond to participation
fiscal policy
decisions on government spending and taxation to influence economy
monetary policy
decisions on how much money should be in economy
accomplished through federal reserve
federal reserve
gov agency responsible for buying and selling government bonds, setting interest rates
demand vs supply side economics
democrats - demand-side, regulate what people consume
republicans: supply side, production based on consumer demands
Keynesian economics
democratic ideals
government intervention is able to stabilize economy and ensure full employment
conservative economic ideals
capitalism
deregulation
protectionism
free enterprise
how do republicans support free enterprise
decrease regulations
sell / lease federal lands
cut taxes for businesses
supply side economics
how do republicans support domestic production
incentivize domestic supply chains
tax imports
domestic energy production
renegotiate international trade deals
how do republicans support individual opportunity
promote home ownership
child tax credit
subsidize vocational schools
promote domestic labor force
- CTE programs, affordable education, tax foreign labor
libertarian
minimal state intervention in citizens’ social and economic affairs
10th amendment
the powers not delegated to the US by the constitution, nor prohibited it by the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people
where do republicans want more government involvement on social issues
abortion (limitations), school vouchers, drug enforcement, transgender issues
where do republicans want less government involvement on social issues
gun ownership
government welfare
democratic
providing financial assistance to citizens
democrat education policy
affirmative action
universal preschool
democrat LGBT/race/society policy
federal nondiscrimination laws
LGBTQ judges
reducing voting barriers
hire more civil rights prosecutors
democrat healthcare policy
categorize abortion as healthcare
expand gov healthcare
random sample
group that represents population
sample size
number of respondents
margin of error
around 3% on large polls
opinion polls
do you support x or y
benchmark polls
opinions on candidates at start of campaign, do you approve
tracking polls
opinion on topic over time
entrance / exit polls
election day questions
reliability
consistency and reproducibility
veracity
accuracy
