Unit 4 Flashcards
Population Distribution
Refers to the pattern of settlement • The way the population is spread
Population Density:
Formula =
Population / Land Area
Refers to the number of people living in a given area (ex: 1km2)
Demography
Demography is the study of population numbers, distribution of people, trends of people, and issues relating to population. Demos = People Graphos = write about
Demographer:
a profession whose responsibility is to analyze qualitative and quantitative data to understand trends and patterns for private or public use.
Birth rate
– Yearly number of live births per 10
Death rate
yearly number of deaths per 1000
Natural increase rate
the difference between birth and death rate. (Birth rate – Death Rate)
Infant Mortality Rate
: yearly number of deaths under 1 year old per 1000
Child mortality rate:
yearly number of deaths under 8 years old
Immigrate
– to move out of your old country
Immigration rate
– number of new Canadians who have immigrated here from another country
per 1000 of Canada’s population
Immigrant
– person who moves to a new country
Refugee
- is a person who is outside their country of citizenship because they have well-founded grounds for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion
Emigrate
- to leave your country of origin to live elsewhere
Emigration rate
– yearly number of people per 1000 who moves elsewhere
Net Migration Rate – difference between people moving to a county and people moving elsewhere from that same co
Push Factors
– something that makes people want to leave their country and move to another (discrimination, unemployment, war)
Pull Factors
something that attracts people to another country (freedom of speech, education opportunities)
Population Growth Rate –
measurement that combines both natural increase and net migration to calculate the overall growth of a country’s population
= natural increase + net migration
Life expectancy –
average lifespan of a person in a country
Baby Boom
– the largest rise in the birth rate in the late 1940’s and 1950’s experienced by
many countries in Europe and North Ameri
Doubling time
how long it would take for a country’s population to double at that country’s rate of population growth
70 / population Growth Rate = Doubling Time
There are THREE types of Population Pyramids
? Stable Pyramid
? Expanding Pyramid
? Contracting Pyramid
Reasons for our older population:
o Health Care, Birth control & family planning have made families have fewer but higher achieving children, as well as allowing Canadians to live longer lives
o Children are very expensive and families want to balance a high standard of living with raising a family. Student debt and high cost of housing is also pushing back family formation.
o Women are now working more than ever before, and many are choosing to put their careers before family. The average age of marriage is closer to 30 now compared to 20 in the the 1950’s.
How does this affect us? (Older population)
o With low birth rates and longer life spans our problems will worsen in the future
o Our social safety system could become unsustainab
The coming demographic crunch (aging population)
● . This increases the burden on workers for seniors’ pensions and other social programs
● Slows economic growth
● Worsens labour shortages
Labour deficit (again population)
o Canada is facing a looming labour shortage
o A million jobs could be going unfilled across the country by 2021 because of a lack of qualified candidates
o Sectors facing critical shortages of skilled labour include o Mining
o Oil
o Health care
o According to an analysis by the ministry of finance - by 2031, the shortfall for skilled labour in Ontario could be as high as 1.8 milli
7 different types of Immigrant classes in Canad
Skilled Worker Class
Individuals can immigrate to Canada based on their own credentials such as their work experience, job type, education level, age and language proficiency under the Skilled Worker program.
Skilled Trades Class
Knowledge and experience in certain trades that are in demand in Canada
Canadian Experience Class
If you are in the country on a temporary visa such as a work permit or you are a student, you may be able to become a permanent resident using the Canadian Experience Class.
Start-up Visa
Investors, self-employed persons and entrepreneurs can immigrate to Canada under various business immigration Temporary Foreign worker program
Stay in Canada for 3 years filling job roles that are needed
Family Class
Canadian citizens and permanent residents can apply to sponsor their close family members or spouses to come to Canada as permanent residents.
Refugee Class
fear of persecution in their original homeland, individuals can apply as refugees
Aboriginal
Not used in common conversation, commonly used in legal contexts
Indigenous
- an umbrella term used to describe people’s native to a region that was colonised
First Nations Peoples
- an umbrella term used to describe more than 50 nations and languages found mostly in southern Canada
Metis
- a Unique indigenous peoples centered in Manitoba. They are a mix between indigenous and french explorers
Inuit
an Indigenous group mostly found in Northern Cana
The Indian Act of 1876
Did not apply to Métis and Inuit Peoples
The Indian Act of 1887 aimed to manage and assimilate Aboriginal populations into the Euro-Canadian culture. It designated Indian status to individuals and allowed local Aboriginal autonomy. The Act introduced residential schools, removing Aboriginal children from families and renaming them to European names. The last residential school, Gordon Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan, closed in 1996. The Indian Act remains in place because it provides legal title to Aboriginal peoples and acknowledges all Indigenous peoples as co-owners, decision-makers, and beneficiaries of Canadian lands and resources.
Social & Economic Issues (indigenous peoples)
Aboriginal Reserves also face a severe social and economic issues overcrowded housing
poverty
few job opportunities are all too common
High birth rate compare to the rest of Canada
Because of this, aboriginal reserves in Canada are compared to living conditions in developing countries
Median after-tax income lower for Aboriginal people
Population distribution
Refers to the pattern of settlement • The way the population is sp
Population density
:
Formula =
Population / Land Area
Refers to the number of people living in a given area (ex: 1km2)
Demography
Demography is the study of population numbers, distribution of people, trends of people, and issues relating to population. Demos = People Graphos = write about
Demographer
Demographer: a profession whose responsibility is to analyze qualitative and quantitative data to understand trends and patterns for private or public use.
Birth rate
Birth rate – Yearly number of live births per 100
Death rate
Death rate – yearly number of deaths per 1000
National increase rate
Natural increase rate is the difference between birth and death rate. (Birth rate – Death Rate)
