Unit 4 Flashcards
Evolution
What did James Hutton do?
Deep time. Earth has been around for very long time
What did Charles Lyell do?
If earth has been around for a long time, geological processes happening back then are STILL happening today
What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck say?
Use and Disuse: parts used will grow/morph, parts not used will disappear
Inheritance of Acquired Traits: any change in an organisms life will pass down to its offspring (giraffe stretching its neck)
Tendency toward perfection: innate tendency toward perf (bird always wanted to fly so over time its wings grew and became more suitable for flying)
Andes vs Himilayan people
Andes: more RBC
Himilayan: faster breathing
MRSA
bacteria that is resistant to penicillin
Direct observation examples
(modern-day examples)
peppered moth, lactose persistent, MRSA, insecticide resistance, bajau, andes, himilayan
5 steps how 13 Darwin finches evolved to separate species
1) Founders Arrive
2) Geographic isolation
3) changes in gene pool
4) behavioral isolation
5) competition and continued evolution
3 sources of genetic variation
mutation, genetic recombination (crossing over), lateral gene transfer
Phylogeny?
study of the evolutionary history of lineages of organisms (led to evolutionary classification)
3 ways of reproductive isolation
1) geographical: split by mountain, river, etc.
2) behavioral: diff courtship/mating rituals
3) temporal: diff timing of mating
divergent vs convergent evolution
divergent: same species that got separated then grew apart to two different species (capybara and beaver)
convergent: unrelated species in separate parts of the world that evolve/look the same bc the climates are similar (sugar glider and flying squirrel)
Homologous vs analogous structures
homogolous: same structure but different purposes (human hand, bat wing, whale flipper)
analogous: different structure but same purpose/function (bee wing and bird wing)
struggle for existence
automatic competition of members in a community for limited resources (leads to natural selection/evolution)
what are 5 examples of vestigal organs
coccyx
body hair
5th toe
wisdom teeth
male nipples
do individual organisms evolve?
NO!!!!!! the smallest unit that can evolve is a population
