Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is demography? What factors affect population growth?

A

Demography is the study of human populations, including size, distribution, and characteristics. Factors affecting population growth include birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.

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2
Q

What is the Rule of 70?

A

The Rule of 70 is a formula to estimate how long it takes for a quantity to double, calculated by dividing 70 by the growth rate.

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3
Q

Distinguish between PUSH and PULL factors. Which set of factors is more important when deciding on whether or not to migrate? Explain.

A

Push factors compel people to leave (e.g., poverty), while pull factors attract them to a new place (e.g., job opportunities). Both are important, with their significance depending on individual circumstances.

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4
Q

List Canada’s four classes of permanent economic immigrants.

A

The four classes are Federal Skilled Worker Class, Canadian Experience Class, Federal Skilled Trades Class, and Provincial Nominee Class.

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5
Q

How does the Family Class of immigrants differ from Refugees?

A

The Family Class involves sponsorship by a family member, while refugees seek protection due to persecution or danger in their home country.

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6
Q

Where do most immigrants settle once they arrive in Canada?

A

Most immigrants settle in major cities like Toronto, Vancouver, or Montreal.

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7
Q

Define Dependency Load.

A

Dependency load is the ratio of dependent individuals (children, elderly) to the working-age population in a country.

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8
Q

List and explain the 5 factors that contributed to the demographic transition.

A

Changes in birth rates, death rates, population growth, urbanization, and improvements in healthcare and technology contributed to the demographic transition.

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9
Q

What is a demographic trap and how does this apply to fragile states?

A

A demographic trap occurs when a country faces stagnant population growth due to high birth and death rates. It applies to fragile states with challenges providing basic services and facing instability.

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10
Q

How do bilateral aid and multilateral aid differ?

A

Bilateral aid is direct assistance between two countries, while multilateral aid involves contributions from multiple countries through organizations like the United Nations.

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11
Q

What are non-governmental organizations (NGOs)?

A

NGOs are private organizations independent of the government, addressing social, humanitarian, or environmental issues.

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12
Q

Describe each of the land uses found in a typical Canadian city.

A

Land uses in a Canadian city include residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, and transportation.

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13
Q

Distinguish between lower-order and higher-order goods/service

A

Lower-order goods/services are everyday items, while higher-order goods/services are more specialized or luxury items.

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14
Q

What is urban sprawl? How can it be stopped?

A

Urban sprawl is uncontrolled city expansion. It can be stopped by promoting compact development, mixed land use, preserving green spaces, and improving public transportation.

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15
Q

How do urbanization and urban growth differ?

A

Urbanization is the movement of people from rural to urban areas, while urban growth refers to the physical expansion of cities.

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16
Q

How do geographers measure livability/sustainability? Provide examples.

A

Geographers measure livability/sustainability through indicators like healthcare, education, transportation, housing, environment, and opportunities. Examples include assessing air/water quality, green spaces, public transportation, and community services.