Unit 4 Flashcards
What is demography? What factors affect population growth?
Demography is the study of human populations, including size, distribution, and characteristics. Factors affecting population growth include birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
What is the Rule of 70?
The Rule of 70 is a formula to estimate how long it takes for a quantity to double, calculated by dividing 70 by the growth rate.
Distinguish between PUSH and PULL factors. Which set of factors is more important when deciding on whether or not to migrate? Explain.
Push factors compel people to leave (e.g., poverty), while pull factors attract them to a new place (e.g., job opportunities). Both are important, with their significance depending on individual circumstances.
List Canada’s four classes of permanent economic immigrants.
The four classes are Federal Skilled Worker Class, Canadian Experience Class, Federal Skilled Trades Class, and Provincial Nominee Class.
How does the Family Class of immigrants differ from Refugees?
The Family Class involves sponsorship by a family member, while refugees seek protection due to persecution or danger in their home country.
Where do most immigrants settle once they arrive in Canada?
Most immigrants settle in major cities like Toronto, Vancouver, or Montreal.
Define Dependency Load.
Dependency load is the ratio of dependent individuals (children, elderly) to the working-age population in a country.
List and explain the 5 factors that contributed to the demographic transition.
Changes in birth rates, death rates, population growth, urbanization, and improvements in healthcare and technology contributed to the demographic transition.
What is a demographic trap and how does this apply to fragile states?
A demographic trap occurs when a country faces stagnant population growth due to high birth and death rates. It applies to fragile states with challenges providing basic services and facing instability.
How do bilateral aid and multilateral aid differ?
Bilateral aid is direct assistance between two countries, while multilateral aid involves contributions from multiple countries through organizations like the United Nations.
What are non-governmental organizations (NGOs)?
NGOs are private organizations independent of the government, addressing social, humanitarian, or environmental issues.
Describe each of the land uses found in a typical Canadian city.
Land uses in a Canadian city include residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, and transportation.
Distinguish between lower-order and higher-order goods/service
Lower-order goods/services are everyday items, while higher-order goods/services are more specialized or luxury items.
What is urban sprawl? How can it be stopped?
Urban sprawl is uncontrolled city expansion. It can be stopped by promoting compact development, mixed land use, preserving green spaces, and improving public transportation.
How do urbanization and urban growth differ?
Urbanization is the movement of people from rural to urban areas, while urban growth refers to the physical expansion of cities.
