Unit 4 Flashcards
What are polar molecules dissociating hydrogen?
An acid
What is an aqueous solution?
A solution where water is the solvent
What are compounds that produce hydroxide?
A base
What is the measure of how crowded solute particles are in a solvent?
Concentration
What is a solute that conducts a current in an aqueous solution?
Electrolytes
What is a liquid that doesn’t dissolve in a solvent?
Immiscible
When a solid liquid or gas can’t dissolve in a liquid it is what?
Insoluble or sparingly soluble
When a liquid can dissolve into another liquid it is called?
Miscible
What is the unit of concentration by which the solute is measured in moles per liter?
Molarity
What is the reaction between an acid+base that produces water+salt?
Neutralization
What is the measure of a solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specific tempature?
Solubillity
What is the solubility of a solute when plotted against temperature?
Solubility curve
When a solid, liquid, or gas can dissolve in a liquid it is…?
Soluble
A substance that is dissolved in a solution (could be multiple)?
Solute
The maximum concentration of solute that can be obtained by dissolving a solute at a given temperature?
Solubility
The concentration of solute at saturation?
Solubility
The solubility curve is also…?
Saturation line
When an excess solute is visible, and “seed” is not dissolved the solution is?
Saturated
When solution appears clear and “seed” is dissolved the solution is?
Unsaturated
When the solution appears clear and the “seed” “crashes” the solution is?
Supersaturated
A substance that has other substances dissolved in it, the same state as the solution and a larger amount.
Solvent
A solution with precisely known concentration is what kind of solution?
Standard Solution
How do particles differ in pure substances and mixtures?
In a pure substance every particle is the same, in a a mixture there are at least 2 different particles.
What composition do mixtures have?
Variable composition
What composition do pure substances have?
Fixed composition
How do you separate pure substances opposed to mixtures?
Pure substances can separate from chemical change
Mixtures can separate from physical processes
What defines an element?
When all atoms are the same
-Ne -O2
What defines a compound?
At least 2 different atoms bonded
What are the characteristics of a solution?
- Homogenous meaning they are uniform throughout
- Clear liquid or gas
What are the characteristics of a mechanical mixture?
- Heterogeneous meaning they are non-uniform throughout
- Never clear
What are examples of a solution ?
Tea, vodka, alloys and air
What are some examples of a mechanical mixture?
Granite, smoke, and milk
What kind of attraction is used in ionic dissolving?
Dipole - ion attraction
What kind of attraction is used in molecular dissolving?
Dipole-Dipole attraction
What is an example of gas dissolved in gas?
Air
What is an example of gas dissolved in liquid?
pop
What is an example of a gas dissolved in a solid?
Mothballs
What is an example of a liquid dissolved in a liquid?
Booze
What is an example of a liquid dissolved in a gas?
humidity, fog
What is an example of a liquid dissolved in a solid?
Saltwater
What is an example of a solid dissolved in a solid?
Alloys
What is an example of a solid dissolved in a liquid?
Liquid in the periodic table like Silver
What is an example of a solid dissolved in a gas?
H2 in steel
What 4 factors effect the rate of dissolving?
-Temperature
-Granule size
- Agitation (stirring)
- Concentration of solute
What is the formula to find solubility?
mass of solute dissolves at saturation/ mass of water times 100
What is the rule for polarity and dissolving?
Like dissolves like
What pH are acids vs bases
Acids < 7
Bases >7
What are strong acids?
Acids that dissociate completely (100% yield)
1-1 ratio of acid dissolved-ion in solution
What are weak acids?
Weak acids dissociate incompletely (<100% yield)
Has 0.004 mols of dissociated H ions
What is the formula for concentration?
quantity of moles in solute/ volume of solution
C = Ne/Vn
What is a binary acid?
An acid with only 2 elements
How do you name a binary acid?
hydro + anion root + ic acid
What is a oxoacid?
An acid with a polyatomic ion
How do you name a oxoacid?
no hydro in beginning, sometimes hypo
“ate” becomes “ic acid”
“ite” becomes “ous acid”
