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Chemistry > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are polar molecules dissociating hydrogen?

A

An acid

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2
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

A solution where water is the solvent

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3
Q

What are compounds that produce hydroxide?

A

A base

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4
Q

What is the measure of how crowded solute particles are in a solvent?

A

Concentration

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5
Q

What is a solute that conducts a current in an aqueous solution?

A

Electrolytes

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6
Q

What is a liquid that doesn’t dissolve in a solvent?

A

Immiscible

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7
Q

When a solid liquid or gas can’t dissolve in a liquid it is what?

A

Insoluble or sparingly soluble

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8
Q

When a liquid can dissolve into another liquid it is called?

A

Miscible

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9
Q

What is the unit of concentration by which the solute is measured in moles per liter?

A

Molarity

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10
Q

What is the reaction between an acid+base that produces water+salt?

A

Neutralization

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11
Q

What is the measure of a solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specific tempature?

A

Solubillity

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12
Q

What is the solubility of a solute when plotted against temperature?

A

Solubility curve

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13
Q

When a solid, liquid, or gas can dissolve in a liquid it is…?

A

Soluble

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14
Q

A substance that is dissolved in a solution (could be multiple)?

A

Solute

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15
Q

The maximum concentration of solute that can be obtained by dissolving a solute at a given temperature?

A

Solubility

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16
Q

The concentration of solute at saturation?

A

Solubility

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17
Q

The solubility curve is also…?

A

Saturation line

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18
Q

When an excess solute is visible, and “seed” is not dissolved the solution is?

A

Saturated

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19
Q

When solution appears clear and “seed” is dissolved the solution is?

A

Unsaturated

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20
Q

When the solution appears clear and the “seed” “crashes” the solution is?

A

Supersaturated

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21
Q

A substance that has other substances dissolved in it, the same state as the solution and a larger amount.

A

Solvent

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22
Q

A solution with precisely known concentration is what kind of solution?

A

Standard Solution

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23
Q

How do particles differ in pure substances and mixtures?

A

In a pure substance every particle is the same, in a a mixture there are at least 2 different particles.

24
Q

What composition do mixtures have?

A

Variable composition

25
Q

What composition do pure substances have?

A

Fixed composition

26
Q

How do you separate pure substances opposed to mixtures?

A

Pure substances can separate from chemical change
Mixtures can separate from physical processes

27
Q

What defines an element?

A

When all atoms are the same
-Ne -O2

28
Q

What defines a compound?

A

At least 2 different atoms bonded

29
Q

What are the characteristics of a solution?

A
  • Homogenous meaning they are uniform throughout
  • Clear liquid or gas
30
Q

What are the characteristics of a mechanical mixture?

A
  • Heterogeneous meaning they are non-uniform throughout
  • Never clear
31
Q

What are examples of a solution ?

A

Tea, vodka, alloys and air

32
Q

What are some examples of a mechanical mixture?

A

Granite, smoke, and milk

33
Q

What kind of attraction is used in ionic dissolving?

A

Dipole - ion attraction

34
Q

What kind of attraction is used in molecular dissolving?

A

Dipole-Dipole attraction

35
Q

What is an example of gas dissolved in gas?

A

Air

36
Q

What is an example of gas dissolved in liquid?

A

pop

37
Q

What is an example of a gas dissolved in a solid?

A

Mothballs

38
Q

What is an example of a liquid dissolved in a liquid?

A

Booze

39
Q

What is an example of a liquid dissolved in a gas?

A

humidity, fog

40
Q

What is an example of a liquid dissolved in a solid?

A

Saltwater

41
Q

What is an example of a solid dissolved in a solid?

A

Alloys

42
Q

What is an example of a solid dissolved in a liquid?

A

Liquid in the periodic table like Silver

43
Q

What is an example of a solid dissolved in a gas?

A

H2 in steel

44
Q

What 4 factors effect the rate of dissolving?

A

-Temperature
-Granule size
- Agitation (stirring)
- Concentration of solute

45
Q

What is the formula to find solubility?

A

mass of solute dissolves at saturation/ mass of water times 100

46
Q

What is the rule for polarity and dissolving?

A

Like dissolves like

47
Q

What pH are acids vs bases

A

Acids < 7
Bases >7

48
Q

What are strong acids?

A

Acids that dissociate completely (100% yield)
1-1 ratio of acid dissolved-ion in solution

49
Q

What are weak acids?

A

Weak acids dissociate incompletely (<100% yield)
Has 0.004 mols of dissociated H ions

50
Q

What is the formula for concentration?

A

quantity of moles in solute/ volume of solution
C = Ne/Vn

51
Q

What is a binary acid?

A

An acid with only 2 elements

52
Q

How do you name a binary acid?

A

hydro + anion root + ic acid

53
Q

What is a oxoacid?

A

An acid with a polyatomic ion

54
Q

How do you name a oxoacid?

A

no hydro in beginning, sometimes hypo
“ate” becomes “ic acid”
“ite” becomes “ous acid”

55
Q
A
56
Q
A

Chemistry (4 decks)

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